Why my push mower won’t start is a common frustration for homeowners, but understanding the potential causes can lead to a quick fix. At WHY.EDU.VN, we provide expert insights to help you diagnose and resolve this issue, ensuring your lawn care routine remains uninterrupted. Discover proven techniques and preventative measures for optimal engine performance using our comprehensive resources, including guidance on engine maintenance and fuel system upkeep.
1. Understanding the Common Culprits Behind a Non-Starting Push Mower
A push mower that refuses to start can be a significant inconvenience. Identifying the root cause is the first step to resolving the issue. Several factors can contribute to this problem, ranging from simple oversights to more complex mechanical issues. Regular maintenance and a systematic approach to troubleshooting can often prevent or quickly address these issues.
1.1. Fuel-Related Issues: The Lifeline of Your Mower
Fuel is the lifeblood of any gasoline-powered engine, including your push mower. Problems with the fuel system are among the most common reasons a mower won’t start.
- Stale Fuel: Gasoline can degrade over time, especially when left sitting in the tank for extended periods. This stale fuel can clog the carburetor and prevent the engine from starting.
- Clogged Fuel Filter: The fuel filter prevents debris from entering the engine. A clogged filter restricts fuel flow, starving the engine and preventing it from starting.
- Dirty Carburetor: The carburetor mixes air and fuel to create a combustible mixture. If it becomes clogged with dirt, varnish, or old fuel deposits, the engine may not receive the proper fuel-air mixture to start.
- Fuel Line Obstructions: Kinked, cracked, or clogged fuel lines can impede fuel flow to the engine.
Alt Text: A close-up of a heavily clogged fuel filter, showing the accumulation of dirt and debris that restricts fuel flow, preventing a lawn mower from starting.
1.2. Ignition System Failures: Sparking the Engine to Life
The ignition system is responsible for creating the spark that ignites the fuel-air mixture in the engine. If any component of this system fails, the engine won’t start.
- Faulty Spark Plug: The spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture. A dirty, worn, or improperly gapped spark plug may not produce a strong enough spark to start the engine.
- Defective Ignition Coil: The ignition coil provides the high-voltage electricity needed to create the spark. A faulty coil may not deliver enough voltage, preventing the engine from firing.
- Loose or Corroded Connections: Loose or corroded wiring connections in the ignition system can disrupt the flow of electricity, preventing the spark plug from firing.
1.3. Airflow Problems: Ensuring the Engine Can Breathe
An engine needs a proper mixture of air and fuel to run. If the airflow is restricted, the engine may not start or may run poorly.
- Clogged Air Filter: The air filter prevents dirt and debris from entering the engine. A clogged air filter restricts airflow, causing the engine to run rich (too much fuel, not enough air) and preventing it from starting.
- Blocked Air Intake: Obstructions in the air intake, such as grass clippings or debris, can restrict airflow to the engine.
1.4. Mechanical Issues: Addressing the Engine’s Core Components
While less common, mechanical problems can also prevent a push mower from starting.
- Low Compression: Compression is essential for the engine to ignite the fuel-air mixture. Worn piston rings, a damaged cylinder, or a leaking valve can cause low compression, making it difficult or impossible to start the engine.
- Sheared Flywheel Key: The flywheel key aligns the flywheel with the crankshaft. If the key shears, the timing will be off, and the engine won’t start.
- Engine Seizure: In severe cases, the engine may seize due to lack of lubrication or internal damage. A seized engine cannot be started.
1.5. Safety Interlocks: Protecting the User
Most push mowers are equipped with safety interlocks that prevent the engine from starting unless certain conditions are met.
- Bail Lever: The bail lever must be held against the handle to engage the engine. If the cable is loose or broken, the interlock may not be activated, preventing the engine from starting.
- Operator Presence Control (OPC): On some mowers, the OPC system requires the operator to be present behind the mower for the engine to start.
- Blade Brake Clutch (BBC): Mowers with a BBC system may have an interlock that prevents starting unless the blade is disengaged.
2. Step-by-Step Troubleshooting: Diagnosing the Problem
When your push mower refuses to start, a systematic approach to troubleshooting can help you quickly identify the problem. Start with the simplest solutions and work your way through the more complex ones.
2.1. Preliminary Checks: The First Line of Defense
Before diving into more complex diagnostics, perform these basic checks:
- Check the Fuel Level: Ensure there is enough fuel in the tank.
- Inspect the Spark Plug Wire: Make sure the spark plug wire is securely connected to the spark plug.
- Verify the Air Filter: Check if the air filter is clean. A dirty air filter restricts airflow, making it difficult to start the mower.
- Examine the Oil Level: Ensure the oil level is adequate. Low oil levels can trigger safety mechanisms that prevent the mower from starting.
2.2. Fuel System Diagnosis: Ensuring Proper Fuel Delivery
If the preliminary checks don’t reveal the issue, investigate the fuel system:
- Check for Stale Fuel:
- Procedure: Drain the fuel tank and inspect the fuel. If it smells stale or has a varnish-like appearance, it’s likely old.
- Solution: Replace the stale fuel with fresh gasoline. Consider adding a fuel stabilizer to prevent future degradation.
- Inspect the Fuel Filter:
- Procedure: Locate the fuel filter (usually in the fuel line between the tank and the carburetor) and check for clogs.
- Solution: Replace a clogged fuel filter with a new one.
- Clean the Carburetor:
- Procedure:
- Remove the air filter and inspect the carburetor.
- Use carburetor cleaner to spray into the carburetor throat while attempting to start the mower.
- If the mower starts briefly, the carburetor is likely the issue.
- Solution: Clean the carburetor thoroughly. This may involve disassembling the carburetor and cleaning each component with carburetor cleaner. For heavily clogged carburetors, consider professional cleaning or replacement.
- Procedure:
- Check Fuel Lines:
- Procedure: Inspect the fuel lines for kinks, cracks, or clogs.
- Solution: Replace damaged fuel lines. Clear any clogs with compressed air or a small wire.
2.3. Ignition System Inspection: Verifying the Spark
If the fuel system is functioning correctly, focus on the ignition system:
- Inspect the Spark Plug:
- Procedure:
- Remove the spark plug and inspect it. Look for signs of wear, fouling, or damage.
- Check the spark plug gap using a spark plug gap tool. The correct gap is usually specified in the owner’s manual.
- Solution: Clean or replace the spark plug. Adjust the gap to the manufacturer’s specification.
- Procedure:
Alt Text: A comparison showing a dirty spark plug and a new, clean spark plug, emphasizing the importance of spark plug condition for proper engine function and starting.
- Test for Spark:
- Procedure:
- Reattach the spark plug wire to the spark plug.
- Ground the spark plug against the engine block.
- Pull the starter rope and observe the spark plug.
- Observation: A strong, blue spark indicates a healthy ignition system. A weak, yellow spark or no spark suggests a problem.
- Solution: If there is no spark, replace the spark plug. If the problem persists, the ignition coil may be faulty and require replacement.
- Procedure:
- Check Ignition Coil:
- Procedure: Use a multimeter to test the ignition coil’s resistance. Compare the reading to the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Solution: Replace the ignition coil if it fails the resistance test.
2.4. Airflow Assessment: Ensuring Proper Air Intake
A restricted air supply can prevent the engine from starting.
- Inspect the Air Filter:
- Procedure: Remove the air filter and inspect it. If it’s dirty, clogged, or damaged, it needs to be cleaned or replaced.
- Solution: Clean a foam air filter with soap and water, then allow it to dry completely. Replace a paper air filter if it’s excessively dirty or damaged.
- Check the Air Intake:
- Procedure: Ensure the air intake is free from obstructions.
- Solution: Remove any debris blocking the air intake.
2.5. Mechanical Problem Analysis: Addressing Internal Issues
If the above steps don’t resolve the issue, consider mechanical problems.
- Check Compression:
- Procedure: Use a compression tester to measure the engine’s compression. The reading should be within the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Solution: Low compression may indicate worn piston rings, a damaged cylinder, or leaking valves. These issues often require professional repair or engine replacement.
- Inspect Flywheel Key:
- Procedure: Remove the starter assembly and inspect the flywheel key. If it’s sheared, the timing will be off.
- Solution: Replace the sheared flywheel key.
- Assess Engine Seizure:
- Procedure: Attempt to turn the engine over manually. If it won’t turn, the engine may be seized.
- Solution: A seized engine often requires professional repair or replacement.
2.6. Safety Interlock Verification: Ensuring Safe Operation
Safety interlocks prevent the mower from starting under unsafe conditions.
- Bail Lever Check:
- Procedure: Ensure the bail lever cable is properly connected and functioning.
- Solution: Adjust or replace the cable if it’s loose or broken.
- OPC and BBC Systems:
- Procedure: Refer to the owner’s manual for specific instructions on checking and adjusting OPC and BBC systems.
- Solution: Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for troubleshooting and repairing these systems.
3. Detailed Solutions: Resolving the Starting Issue
Once you’ve identified the problem, implementing the correct solution is crucial. Here’s a detailed look at how to address common issues:
3.1. Resolving Fuel-Related Issues
3.1.1. Draining and Replacing Stale Fuel
- Safety First: Ensure the engine is cool and the spark plug wire is disconnected. Work in a well-ventilated area away from open flames.
- Drain the Fuel Tank: Use a siphon or drain plug to remove the old fuel from the tank. Dispose of the fuel properly according to local regulations.
- Refill with Fresh Fuel: Use fresh gasoline with the correct octane rating as specified in the owner’s manual. Consider adding a fuel stabilizer to prevent future degradation.
- Prime the Engine: Press the primer bulb several times to prime the engine with fresh fuel.
3.1.2. Replacing a Clogged Fuel Filter
- Locate the Fuel Filter: The fuel filter is typically located in the fuel line between the fuel tank and the carburetor.
- Clamp the Fuel Line: Use fuel line clamps or pinch the fuel line to prevent fuel from leaking out.
- Remove the Old Filter: Disconnect the fuel lines from the old filter. Note the direction of fuel flow.
- Install the New Filter: Connect the fuel lines to the new filter, ensuring it’s installed in the correct direction.
- Secure the Fuel Lines: Secure the fuel lines with clamps.
3.1.3. Cleaning a Dirty Carburetor
- Remove the Air Filter: Remove the air filter to access the carburetor.
- Spray Carburetor Cleaner: Spray carburetor cleaner into the carburetor throat while attempting to start the mower. If the engine starts briefly, the carburetor is likely the problem.
- Disassemble the Carburetor (If Necessary): If the carburetor is heavily clogged, disassemble it. Take photos as you disassemble to remember how everything goes back together.
- Clean Each Component: Clean each component with carburetor cleaner. Use a small wire to clear any clogs in the jets and passages.
- Reassemble the Carburetor: Reassemble the carburetor, ensuring all components are properly aligned and tightened.
- Reinstall the Carburetor: Reinstall the carburetor on the engine.
- Replace the Air Filter: Replace the air filter.
3.1.4. Addressing Fuel Line Obstructions
- Inspect Fuel Lines: Check the fuel lines for kinks, cracks, or clogs.
- Replace Damaged Lines: Replace any damaged fuel lines with new ones.
- Clear Clogs: Use compressed air or a small wire to clear any clogs in the fuel lines.
3.2. Resolving Ignition System Failures
3.2.1. Cleaning or Replacing the Spark Plug
- Remove the Spark Plug: Remove the spark plug using a spark plug wrench.
- Inspect the Spark Plug: Look for signs of wear, fouling, or damage.
- Clean the Spark Plug (If Possible): Clean the spark plug with a wire brush.
- Adjust the Spark Plug Gap: Use a spark plug gap tool to adjust the gap to the manufacturer’s specification.
- Replace the Spark Plug (If Necessary): Replace the spark plug if it’s heavily worn, damaged, or fouled.
- Reinstall the Spark Plug: Reinstall the spark plug, tightening it to the correct torque specification.
3.2.2. Replacing a Defective Ignition Coil
- Locate the Ignition Coil: The ignition coil is typically located near the flywheel.
- Disconnect the Wiring: Disconnect the wiring from the ignition coil.
- Remove the Old Coil: Remove the old ignition coil.
- Install the New Coil: Install the new ignition coil, ensuring it’s properly aligned.
- Reconnect the Wiring: Reconnect the wiring to the ignition coil.
- Test for Spark: Test for spark by grounding the spark plug against the engine block and pulling the starter rope.
3.2.3. Correcting Loose or Corroded Connections
- Inspect Wiring: Inspect the wiring connections in the ignition system for looseness or corrosion.
- Clean Connections: Clean corroded connections with a wire brush or electrical contact cleaner.
- Secure Connections: Ensure all wiring connections are tight and secure.
3.3. Resolving Airflow Problems
3.3.1. Cleaning or Replacing the Air Filter
- Remove the Air Filter: Remove the air filter.
- Clean the Air Filter (If Possible): Clean a foam air filter with soap and water, then allow it to dry completely.
- Replace the Air Filter (If Necessary): Replace a paper air filter if it’s excessively dirty or damaged.
- Reinstall the Air Filter: Reinstall the air filter.
3.3.2. Clearing a Blocked Air Intake
- Inspect the Air Intake: Ensure the air intake is free from obstructions.
- Remove Debris: Remove any debris blocking the air intake.
3.4. Addressing Mechanical Issues
3.4.1. Addressing Low Compression
- Professional Repair: Low compression often requires professional repair. Take the mower to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair.
3.4.2. Replacing a Sheared Flywheel Key
- Remove the Starter Assembly: Remove the starter assembly.
- Inspect the Flywheel Key: Inspect the flywheel key. If it’s sheared, it needs to be replaced.
- Remove the Old Key: Remove the old flywheel key.
- Install the New Key: Install the new flywheel key.
- Reinstall the Starter Assembly: Reinstall the starter assembly.
3.4.3. Addressing Engine Seizure
- Professional Repair or Replacement: A seized engine often requires professional repair or engine replacement.
3.5. Resolving Safety Interlock Issues
3.5.1. Adjusting or Replacing the Bail Lever Cable
- Inspect the Cable: Ensure the bail lever cable is properly connected and functioning.
- Adjust the Cable (If Possible): Adjust the cable if it’s loose.
- Replace the Cable (If Necessary): Replace the cable if it’s broken.
3.5.2. Troubleshooting OPC and BBC Systems
- Refer to the Owner’s Manual: Refer to the owner’s manual for specific instructions on checking and adjusting OPC and BBC systems.
- Follow Manufacturer’s Recommendations: Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for troubleshooting and repairing these systems.
4. Preventative Maintenance: Keeping Your Mower Running Smoothly
Regular maintenance is key to preventing starting problems and extending the life of your push mower.
4.1. Regular Maintenance Tasks
- Change the Oil: Change the oil every 25 hours of use or at least once a year.
- Clean or Replace the Air Filter: Clean the air filter every 25 hours of use or more frequently in dusty conditions. Replace it annually.
- Inspect and Clean the Spark Plug: Inspect and clean the spark plug annually. Replace it every two years.
- Sharpen the Blade: Sharpen the blade regularly to ensure a clean cut.
- Clean the Mower Deck: Clean the mower deck after each use to prevent grass buildup.
- Stabilize Fuel: Use a fuel stabilizer when storing the mower for extended periods.
4.2. Seasonal Maintenance
- Spring Startup:
- Change the oil.
- Clean or replace the air filter.
- Inspect and clean the spark plug.
- Sharpen the blade.
- Check all cables and connections.
- Fall Storage:
- Drain the fuel tank or add a fuel stabilizer.
- Change the oil.
- Clean the mower deck.
- Store the mower in a dry place.
4.3. Maintenance Schedule
Task | Frequency |
---|---|
Change Oil | Every 25 hours/Annually |
Clean/Replace Air Filter | Every 25 hours/Annually |
Inspect/Clean Spark Plug | Annually |
Replace Spark Plug | Every 2 years |
Sharpen Blade | Regularly |
Clean Mower Deck | After Each Use |
Stabilize Fuel | During Storage |
Alt Text: A person performing routine maintenance on a lawn mower, including cleaning the mower deck and inspecting the blade, to ensure optimal performance and prevent starting issues.
5. Advanced Troubleshooting: When to Seek Professional Help
If you’ve exhausted all troubleshooting steps and your push mower still won’t start, it may be time to seek professional help.
5.1. Recognizing Complex Issues
- Internal Engine Damage: If you suspect internal engine damage, such as low compression or a seized engine, it’s best to consult a qualified mechanic.
- Carburetor Issues: Intricate carburetor problems that are beyond your expertise.
- Electrical Problems: Complex electrical issues.
5.2. Finding a Qualified Mechanic
- Check Online Reviews: Look for local mechanics with positive online reviews.
- Ask for Recommendations: Ask friends, neighbors, or local hardware stores for recommendations.
- Verify Certifications: Ensure the mechanic is certified and experienced in small engine repair.
6. Understanding Different Types of Push Mowers
The type of push mower you own can influence the troubleshooting process. Different models have unique features and potential issues.
6.1. Gas-Powered Push Mowers
- Two-Stroke Engines: These engines require a mixture of oil and gasoline. Common issues include improper fuel mixing and spark plug fouling.
- Four-Stroke Engines: These engines have separate oil and fuel reservoirs. Common issues include low oil levels and stale fuel.
6.2. Electric Push Mowers
- Corded Electric Mowers: These mowers require a power outlet. Common issues include damaged cords and tripped circuit breakers.
- Cordless Electric Mowers: These mowers are powered by rechargeable batteries. Common issues include dead batteries and faulty charging systems.
6.3. Reel Mowers
- Manual Reel Mowers: These mowers are manually powered. Common issues include dull blades and improper adjustments.
- Powered Reel Mowers: These mowers are powered by electric motors or gasoline engines. Common issues include motor or engine problems and dull blades.
7. Tools and Equipment: Essential Items for Troubleshooting
Having the right tools and equipment can make troubleshooting much easier.
7.1. Basic Tools
- Spark Plug Wrench: For removing and installing spark plugs.
- Screwdrivers: Both flathead and Phillips head screwdrivers.
- Pliers: For gripping and manipulating parts.
- Wrenches: A set of open-end and box-end wrenches.
- Socket Set: A set of sockets and a ratchet.
7.2. Diagnostic Equipment
- Spark Plug Gap Tool: For measuring and adjusting the spark plug gap.
- Compression Tester: For measuring engine compression.
- Multimeter: For testing electrical components.
7.3. Cleaning Supplies
- Carburetor Cleaner: For cleaning carburetors.
- Air Filter Cleaner: For cleaning air filters.
- Wire Brush: For cleaning spark plugs and electrical connections.
8. Safety Precautions: Protecting Yourself During Troubleshooting
Safety should always be a top priority when troubleshooting a push mower.
8.1. General Safety Tips
- Disconnect the Spark Plug Wire: Always disconnect the spark plug wire before performing any maintenance or repairs.
- Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes.
- Wear Safety Glasses: Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
- Wear Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your hands from chemicals and sharp objects.
- Avoid Open Flames: Keep open flames away from fuel and flammable materials.
- Proper Disposal: Dispose of used fuel and oil properly according to local regulations.
8.2. Specific Safety Measures
- Fuel Handling: When handling fuel, avoid spills and keep it away from heat sources.
- Electrical Safety: When working with electrical components, ensure the power is disconnected.
- Blade Safety: When working with the blade, wear heavy gloves and use caution to avoid cuts.
9. Real-World Examples: Troubleshooting Scenarios
Understanding how these principles apply in real-world situations can be invaluable.
9.1. Scenario 1: Mower Won’t Start After Winter Storage
Problem: A push mower won’t start after being stored for the winter.
Troubleshooting Steps:
- Check Fuel: The fuel tank has old gasoline.
- Solution:
- Drain the fuel tank and replace the old fuel with fresh gasoline.
- Add a fuel stabilizer to the new fuel.
9.2. Scenario 2: Mower Starts Briefly Then Dies
Problem: A push mower starts briefly but then dies.
Troubleshooting Steps:
- Check Air Filter: Air filter is dirty.
- Solution: Replace the dirty air filter with a new one.
9.3. Scenario 3: Mower Has No Spark
Problem: A push mower has no spark.
Troubleshooting Steps:
- Check Spark Plug: Spark plug is worn and fouled.
- Solution: Replace the spark plug.
9.4. Scenario 4: Mower Runs Rough
Problem: A push mower runs rough and lacks power.
Troubleshooting Steps:
- Check Carburetor: The carburetor may be dirty.
- Solution: Spray carburetor cleaner into the carburetor throat while attempting to start the mower.
10. Future of Lawn Mower Technology: Innovations to Watch
Lawn mower technology continues to evolve, with advancements aimed at improving performance, efficiency, and user experience.
10.1. Electric and Robotic Mowers
- Electric Mowers: Electric mowers are becoming increasingly popular due to their quiet operation, low maintenance, and zero emissions.
- Robotic Mowers: Robotic mowers offer autonomous lawn care, providing convenience and time savings.
10.2. Smart Mowers
- Smart Mowers: Smart mowers incorporate technology such as GPS, Bluetooth, and smartphone connectivity for enhanced control and monitoring.
10.3. Fuel Efficiency and Emissions
- Improved Fuel Efficiency: Manufacturers are developing more fuel-efficient engines to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
- Alternative Fuels: Research is being conducted on alternative fuels, such as propane and biofuels, to reduce the environmental impact of gasoline-powered mowers.
11. Expert Tips and Tricks: Enhancing Mower Performance
These expert tips can help you get the most out of your push mower:
- Use Fresh Fuel: Always use fresh gasoline with the correct octane rating.
- Maintain the Air Filter: Keep the air filter clean to ensure proper airflow.
- Sharpen the Blade Regularly: Sharpen the blade regularly for a clean cut.
- Store the Mower Properly: Store the mower in a dry place during the off-season.
- Follow the Maintenance Schedule: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule.
12. Resources and Support: Where to Find Additional Help
If you need additional help, there are many resources available.
12.1. Online Resources
- Manufacturer Websites: Manufacturer websites often provide troubleshooting guides, owner’s manuals, and FAQs.
- Online Forums: Online forums and communities can provide valuable advice and support from other mower owners.
- YouTube Tutorials: YouTube tutorials offer step-by-step instructions for common maintenance and repair tasks.
12.2. Local Support
- Local Mechanics: Local mechanics can provide professional repair services.
- Hardware Stores: Hardware stores often offer advice and assistance with mower maintenance and repair.
- Equipment Rental Centers: Equipment rental centers may offer mower repair services.
13. Conclusion: Ensuring a Smooth Start Every Time
Dealing with a push mower that won’t start can be frustrating, but by understanding the potential causes and following a systematic approach to troubleshooting, you can often resolve the issue yourself. Regular maintenance and preventative care are essential for keeping your mower running smoothly and extending its lifespan. Remember to prioritize safety and seek professional help when needed.
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14. FAQ: Addressing Common Concerns
14.1. Why won’t my push mower start after sitting for the winter?
Stale fuel is the most common reason. Drain the old fuel and replace it with fresh gasoline. Add a fuel stabilizer to prevent future degradation.
14.2. How do I know if my spark plug is bad?
Inspect the spark plug for signs of wear, fouling, or damage. If it’s heavily worn or damaged, replace it. Test for spark by grounding the spark plug against the engine block and pulling the starter rope.
14.3. What should I do if my air filter is dirty?
Clean a foam air filter with soap and water, then allow it to dry completely. Replace a paper air filter if it’s excessively dirty or damaged.
14.4. How often should I change the oil in my push mower?
Change the oil every 25 hours of use or at least once a year.
14.5. Can I use car gasoline in my push mower?
Yes, you can use car gasoline in your push mower, but make sure it has the correct octane rating as specified in the owner’s manual. Avoid using gasoline with high ethanol content.
14.6. How do I clean a carburetor without disassembling it?
Remove the air filter and spray carburetor cleaner into the carburetor throat while attempting to start the mower. This may help clear minor clogs.
14.7. What are the signs of low compression in a push mower engine?
Signs of low compression include difficulty starting the engine, lack of power, and rough running.
14.8. How do I sharpen my lawn mower blade?
Secure the blade in a vise and use a file or grinder to sharpen the cutting edge. Be sure to maintain the original angle of the blade.
14.9. What is a fuel stabilizer and why should I use it?
A fuel stabilizer is an additive that prevents gasoline from degrading over time. It helps keep the fuel fresh and prevents clogs in the fuel system.
14.10. How do I store my push mower for the winter?
Drain the fuel tank or add a fuel stabilizer, change the oil, clean the mower deck, and store the mower in a dry place.