Ankle swelling can be concerning, but it’s often a symptom with various underlying causes. Understanding these causes can help you determine when to seek medical attention.
A person's legs with swollen ankles.
Common Causes of Swollen Ankles
Swelling in both ankles, also known as bilateral ankle edema, often signals an underlying medical condition. While occasional swelling can be benign, persistent or sudden swelling warrants a doctor’s visit.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Several medical conditions can lead to ankle swelling:
- Venous Insufficiency: This is the most common cause. Weak vein valves allow blood to pool in the legs, leading to fluid leakage and swelling. Varicose veins are a common sign of venous insufficiency.
- Heart Conditions: A weakened heart struggles to pump efficiently, causing fluid buildup in the extremities.
- Kidney and Liver Problems: These organs play crucial roles in fluid balance. Dysfunction can lead to fluid retention and ankle swelling.
- Malnutrition, Thyroid Disorders, and Anemia: These conditions can disrupt fluid balance and contribute to swelling.
Injury and Blood Clots
- Injury: Ankle injuries, like sprains or fractures, often cause localized swelling.
- Blood Clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot in a deep leg vein, can cause swelling in one ankle, accompanied by pain and warmth. This requires immediate medical attention.
Why Do My Ankles Swell More in the Summer?
Heat can exacerbate ankle swelling. Warm temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate, increasing fluid leakage into surrounding tissues. This effect is more pronounced in the lower extremities due to gravity.
Tips to Reduce Ankle Swelling
Several strategies can help manage and reduce ankle swelling:
- Compression Stockings: These specialized stockings apply pressure to the legs, promoting blood flow and reducing fluid buildup.
- Elevation: Elevating your legs above your heart helps drain excess fluid.
- Reduce Salt Intake: Excessive salt contributes to water retention. Limiting salt intake can lessen swelling.
- Diuretics: In some cases, doctors may prescribe diuretics (water pills) to help the body eliminate excess fluid. However, these medications should only be used under medical supervision.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can counterintuitively help reduce swelling by flushing out excess sodium.
When to See a Doctor
While some ankle swelling is normal, especially after prolonged standing or in hot weather, you should consult a doctor if:
- Swelling is sudden or severe.
- Swelling is accompanied by pain, redness, or warmth.
- You have shortness of breath or chest pain.
- You have a history of heart, kidney, or liver disease.
- Swelling doesn’t improve with home remedies.
Addressing ankle swelling promptly and seeking medical advice when necessary can help prevent potential complications and ensure appropriate treatment.
