Swollen lymph nodes, often felt as tender lumps under the skin, are a common occurrence. They signal your body’s active response to illness, usually an infection. Understanding Why Lymph Nodes Swell can help alleviate concerns and guide appropriate action.
Understanding the Role of Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the lymphatic system. This system plays a crucial role in the body’s immune response. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. When fighting an infection, the nodes can become enlarged as they fill with immune cells. This swelling is often noticeable in areas like the neck, armpits, groin, and under the chin.
Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes
The most frequent cause of swollen lymph nodes is infection. Common culprits include:
- Upper Respiratory Infections: Colds, the flu, and sinus infections often lead to swollen glands in the neck.
- Ear and Throat Infections: Tonsillitis, strep throat, and ear infections can cause noticeable swelling in the neck and under the jaw.
- Skin Infections: Infections like cellulitis or infected wounds can trigger swelling in nearby lymph nodes.
- Glandular Fever: This viral infection, also known as mononucleosis, commonly causes significant lymph node swelling, particularly in the neck.
- Other Viral Infections: Several viral illnesses, including measles, chickenpox, and rubella, can also cause swollen glands.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most cases of swollen lymph nodes resolve on their own within a week or two, certain situations warrant medical attention:
- Persistent Swelling: Nodes that continue to enlarge or haven’t reduced in size after two weeks should be evaluated by a doctor.
- Hard or Immobile Nodes: Lymph nodes that feel hard, fixed in place, and don’t move when pressed require medical assessment.
- Accompanying Symptoms: Swelling accompanied by night sweats, high fever, unexplained weight loss, or difficulty swallowing or breathing necessitates prompt medical attention.
- Swelling Above the Collarbone: Enlarged lymph nodes in this area, known as supraclavicular nodes, are often associated with more serious conditions and should always be examined by a doctor.
Self-Care for Swollen Glands
If your swollen glands are due to a minor infection, you can take steps to ease discomfort:
- Rest: Adequate rest allows your body to focus its energy on fighting the infection.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush out toxins and supports the immune system.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or paracetamol can help reduce pain and fever. (Note: Aspirin should not be given to children under 16.)
Conclusion
Swollen lymph nodes are a natural part of the body’s defense mechanism. Understanding the common causes and recognizing when to seek medical advice can help you manage this condition effectively. While most cases are benign and resolve with time, persistent or concerning symptoms warrant professional evaluation to rule out underlying medical issues.
