Swelling under one eye, or even both, can be alarming. This article explores common causes of eye swelling, ranging from minor irritations to serious infections.
Common Causes of Eye Swelling
Several factors can contribute to a swollen eye. Understanding these causes can help you determine the best course of action.
Eye Rubbing
Excessive rubbing can irritate the delicate skin around the eyes. Fatigue, itchiness, or the sensation of a foreign object often trigger rubbing. Avoiding eye rubbing allows the area to heal and reduce swelling.
Woman rubbing her eye
Injury
Trauma to the eye area, such as a cut, bruise, or insect bite, can lead to swelling and discoloration. Minor injuries often heal on their own if kept clean and dry. However, worsening swelling, pain, pus, or discharge warrant medical attention.
Blocked Tear Duct
A blocked tear duct prevents tears from draining properly, resulting in watery eyes and swelling beneath the eye. Causes include infections, injuries, or tumors. While injury-related blockages may resolve independently, infections often require antibiotics.
Stye
A stye is a painful lump at the base of the eyelashes, often caused by an infection. Symptoms include a foreign body sensation, scratchiness, light sensitivity, and watery eyes. Styes can heal naturally, but persistent styes may necessitate antibiotics or drainage by a doctor.
Periorbital Cellulitis
This serious infection affects the tissues surrounding the eye, causing significant swelling, pain, and inflammation. Commonly stemming from trauma or sinusitis, periorbital cellulitis is more prevalent in children. Prompt medical treatment, including drainage, surgery, or antibiotics, is crucial to prevent complications.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many causes of eye swelling are benign and resolve on their own, some require professional medical care. Consult a doctor if you experience:
- Severe pain
- Vision changes
- Pus or discharge
- Swelling that worsens or doesn’t improve after a few days
- Fever
- Signs of infection
Conclusion
Eye swelling can have various causes, from simple irritation to severe infection. Understanding these causes can help determine the appropriate course of action. While minor swelling often resolves independently, persistent or worsening symptoms necessitate medical evaluation. Seeking prompt medical attention for severe pain, vision changes, or signs of infection is crucial to prevent potential complications.
