DEET is a common and effective mosquito repellent, but concerns about its potential toxicity persist. While generally considered safe for short-term use, some studies suggest possible health risks associated with prolonged or frequent exposure. This article explores the reasons behind these concerns and examines safer alternatives for keeping mosquitoes at bay.
Potential Health Concerns of DEET
A study on Everglades National Park employees in the late 1980s linked DEET exposure to negative health effects in a quarter of the participants. Reported issues included:
- Skin irritation and rashes
- Numbness or burning sensation on the lips
- Nausea and headaches
- Dizziness and difficulty concentrating
Further research by Duke University pharmacologist Mohamed Abou-Donia indicated that frequent and prolonged DEET exposure in rats resulted in brain cell death and behavioral changes. While these findings raise concerns, other studies suggest that most people experience no adverse effects when using DEET products sporadically and according to label instructions. The key is to use DEET sparingly and only when necessary.
DEET Effectiveness and Alternatives
Despite potential risks, DEET remains highly effective against mosquitoes. A 2002 New England Journal of Medicine study found that a 23.8% DEET formulation provided complete protection for over five hours, significantly longer than soybean-oil-based or other botanical repellents.
However, the effectiveness of botanical repellents has improved in recent years. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) now recommends picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus as safer alternatives. Picaridin, available under the Cutter Advanced brand, offers long-lasting protection. Oil of lemon eucalyptus, derived from eucalyptus leaves, is available in various products like Repel Lemon Eucalyptus and OFF! Botanicals. These plant based products generally need to be reapplied more frequently than DEET.
Other recommended alternatives endorsed by organizations like the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides and Pesticide Action Network North America include:
- Geraniol (MosquitoGuard, Bite Stop)
- Citronella (Natrapel)
- Herbal extracts (Beat It Bug Buster)
- Essential oils (All Terrain)
- Soybean and coconut oil blends (Bite Blocker)
Conclusion: Weighing Risks and Benefits
While DEET is a potent mosquito repellent, potential health concerns associated with prolonged or frequent exposure warrant consideration. Safer alternatives like picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, and various botanical-based repellents offer effective protection with potentially fewer risks. When choosing a mosquito repellent, weigh the risks and benefits, consider individual sensitivities, and follow product instructions carefully. For infrequent use in areas of high mosquito activity DEET can offer superior protection. For frequent use or for children, consider the safer and plant-based alternatives.
Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites
