That unsettling feeling of your heart skipping a beat, fluttering, or pounding can be alarming. Medically known as heart palpitations, these sensations can be triggered by a variety of factors, most of which are harmless. This article explores five common reasons why your heart might skip a beat and discusses when it’s crucial to seek medical attention.
According to Dr. Andrew Zadeh, MD, a cardiologist at Keck Medicine of USC, “Usually when you experience a skipped heartbeat, it may be an interruption of your regular heart rhythm.” This interruption, often a premature beat, disrupts the normal blood flow and pulse, leading to the sensation of a skipped beat. While often benign, understanding the underlying causes can alleviate anxiety and ensure timely intervention if needed.
Common Culprits Behind a Skipping Heartbeat
Several factors can contribute to the feeling of a skipped heartbeat. Here are five common causes:
1. Stress and Anxiety: The Mind-Heart Connection
Stress and anxiety are frequent triggers for heart palpitations. When you’re anxious or under pressure, your body releases adrenaline, a hormone that can cause your heart to race or flutter. This can create a vicious cycle, as palpitations themselves can lead to further anxiety. Managing stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can often reduce these episodes.
2. Lifestyle Factors: Caffeine, Alcohol, and Nicotine
Certain substances can disrupt your heart’s rhythm. Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and even some over-the-counter and prescription medications can stimulate the heart and lead to palpitations. Dr. Zadeh emphasizes the importance of identifying and minimizing these triggers: “Identifying what lifestyle factors influence your symptoms is the first step, and then trying to avoid or reduce them is usually beneficial.”
3. Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib): An Irregular Rhythm
Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib) is a common heart condition characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. This chaotic electrical activity in the heart’s upper chambers can lead to the sensation of fluttering or skipped beats. Risk factors for A-Fib include older age, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. A-Fib can increase the risk of stroke, making prompt diagnosis and treatment essential. Symptoms beyond palpitations can include lightheadedness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
4. Underlying Heart Disease: A Less Common Cause
While less common, heart palpitations can sometimes indicate underlying heart disease. Conditions such as mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy (heart muscle issues), and coronary artery disease can disrupt the heart’s normal rhythm. Dr. Zadeh notes that “Heart disease involving either poor blood flow or valve abnormalities can easily be evaluated through a series of tests including electrocardiogram, echocardiogram or stress testing.”
5. Overactive Thyroid: A Hormonal Imbalance
An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can release excessive hormones that accelerate your metabolism, potentially leading to a rapid heartbeat and palpitations. Fortunately, hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed with a simple blood test and effectively managed with medication.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While most instances of heart skipping a beat are harmless, it’s important to consult a doctor if you experience:
- Frequent palpitations
- Palpitations accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting
- A family history of heart problems
A cardiologist can conduct a thorough evaluation, including a physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG), and other tests to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for addressing any potential underlying conditions. Don’t hesitate to seek medical attention if you’re concerned about your heart health.
