Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision, is a procedure involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. This practice has no health benefits and carries significant physical and psychological risks for girls and women. This article will explore Why Female Mutilation persists, its harmful effects, and global efforts to eradicate it.
The Harmful Effects of Female Genital Mutilation
FGM can lead to immediate and long-term health complications. Immediate complications can include severe pain, excessive bleeding, infection, urinary problems, shock, and even death. Long-term consequences include chronic pain, urinary and vaginal infections, menstrual problems, complications during childbirth, sexual dysfunction, and psychological trauma.
Why Does Female Mutilation Continue?
Despite the known harms, FGM persists in certain communities due to a complex interplay of social, cultural, and religious factors.
Social and Cultural Norms
In some societies, FGM is considered a rite of passage for girls, marking their transition to womanhood. Social pressure to conform to tradition and fear of social ostracism can compel families to subject their daughters to the procedure. It’s often seen as a way to control female sexuality, ensure premarital virginity, and enhance marriageability.
Religious Misinterpretations
While no major religion explicitly mandates FGM, some communities mistakenly believe it has religious sanction. This misinterpretation can contribute to the continuation of the practice. However, many religious leaders actively advocate against FGM.
Medicalization of FGM
Disturbingly, some healthcare providers perform FGM, contributing to its perceived legitimacy. This “medicalization” is often driven by the false belief that it reduces risks associated with traditional methods. However, WHO strongly opposes FGM in all its forms, including medicalized procedures.
Global Efforts to End Female Genital Mutilation
Recognizing FGM as a violation of human rights, numerous international organizations and governments are working to eliminate it.
WHO’s Role in Eradication
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a global strategy to combat FGM, focusing on prevention, care for victims, and advocacy for policy change. WHO supports countries in implementing programs to raise awareness about the harms of FGM, train healthcare providers, and strengthen legal frameworks to protect girls and women.
Legal Frameworks and Advocacy
Many countries where FGM is prevalent have enacted laws criminalizing the practice. Furthermore, advocacy groups are working tirelessly to educate communities, empower women, and change social norms that perpetuate FGM.
Conclusion: A Call to Action
Ending female genital mutilation requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses the root causes of the practice. By challenging harmful social norms, promoting education and awareness, empowering women, and strengthening legal frameworks, we can work towards a future where all girls and women are free from this harmful and discriminatory practice. Continued global collaboration and commitment are essential to achieving this goal.
