Coming home to a dog’s enthusiastic greeting, often accompanied by a flurry of licks, is a heartwarming experience for many dog owners. It’s natural to interpret these licks as kisses, signs of love and affection. But is affection truly the only reason behind this common canine behavior? And when does dog licking cross the line from normal to problematic?
The Mystery Behind the Lick: Affection or Something More?
The meaning of dog licking is more nuanced than simply “dog kisses.” While we often associate it with affection, research suggests a range of motivations behind this behavior. Interestingly, some theories trace licking back to puppyhood and survival instincts.
Dr. Alexandra Horowitz, head of the Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab at Barnard College, Columbia University, points to studies of wild canids. “Researchers of wild canids – wolves, coyotes, foxes, and other wild dogs – report that puppies lick the face and muzzle of their mother when she returns from a hunt… in order to get her to regurgitate for them,” she explains. This behavior, while perhaps less romantic, highlights the instinctual roots of licking.
Another theory is that dogs lick because they enjoy the taste of our skin. Dr. Mary Burch, a certified applied animal behaviorist, notes that human skin, especially after exercise, has a slightly salty taste. Therefore, those licks might be driven by a desire for salt rather than pure affection. Dr. Horowitz adds that licking the face often occurs after we’ve eaten, suggesting dogs may be attracted to residual food flavors.
However, it’s not all about food and instinct. There’s compelling evidence that licking also serves as a genuine expression of affection and social bonding. Dr. Horowitz highlights that licking, initially a food-seeking behavior in pups, has evolved into a ritualized greeting for many domestic dogs. In wild dog species, licking is observed as a way for pack members to welcome each other. So, those slobbery licks could very well be your dog’s way of saying, “I’m happy you’re home!”
Dr. Burch agrees, stating, “Licking can be a sign of affection. It might also give a dog a feeling of security and comfort, just as the dog had when licked by its mother in the litter.” This suggests licking can be a self-soothing behavior, reminiscent of the nurturing licks puppies receive from their mothers.
When Dog Licking Becomes Excessive: Identifying Problem Licking
While most dog licking is perfectly normal and even endearing, excessive licking can signal underlying issues. It’s important to distinguish between typical licking and behavior that warrants attention.
Dr. Burch clarifies that normal licking is not a sign of dominance, but rather the opposite. “One theory is that licking is a sign of submission,” she says. “The idea is that dogs who are submissive will lick a more dominant member of the pack.” This further reinforces that licking is often a gesture of appeasement or affection, not aggression.
However, when licking becomes excessive and obsessive, it can indicate problems such as anxiety, boredom, or even pain. If your dog is constantly licking themselves, you, or objects to the point of self-stimulation, it’s time to investigate further. Obsessive licking can also be a symptom of allergies or other underlying health problems.
Signs of Problem Licking:
- Excessive Self-Licking: Focusing intensely on licking paws, legs, or other body parts, sometimes leading to skin irritation or hair loss.
- Constant Licking of Owners or Objects: Relentlessly licking people, furniture, or floors without apparent reason.
- Licking Accompanied by Other Behavioral Changes: Pacing, restlessness, whining, or changes in appetite.
Managing and Redirecting Excessive Licking in Dogs
If you’re concerned about your dog’s licking behavior, the first step is to consult your veterinarian. Rule out any medical causes, such as allergies, skin conditions, or pain. Once medical issues are addressed or excluded, you can focus on behavioral solutions.
Dr. Burch recommends redirection as a key strategy. “When they lick, switch up the activity,” she advises. “A good option is to choose a behavior that is incompatible with licking, such as using an interactive puzzle to get a treat.” Engaging your dog in alternative activities breaks the licking cycle and provides mental and physical stimulation.
Effective Strategies to Manage Excessive Licking:
- Redirection: Interrupt licking by offering a toy, starting a game, or initiating a training session.
- Interactive Toys and Puzzles: Engage your dog’s mind and provide a positive outlet for their energy. Lick mats smeared with dog-safe peanut butter or yogurt are specifically designed to satisfy licking urges constructively.
- Positive Reinforcement Training: Teach your dog alternative behaviors to licking, such as “sit,” “stay,” or tricks like giving a paw or high five. Reward desired behaviors with treats and praise.
- Exercise and Enrichment: Ensure your dog gets adequate daily exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and anxiety-related licking.
- Ignore the Licking (When Appropriate): In some cases, attention, even negative attention, can reinforce licking behavior. If the licking is attention-seeking, try calmly ignoring it and only give attention when your dog stops licking.
Trick training is a particularly beneficial way to redirect licking and strengthen the bond with your dog. Start with simple commands like “sit” and reward them for compliance. Gradually introduce more complex tricks like “give a hug,” “speak,” “sit pretty,” “army crawl,” or “leg weave.” If you and your dog enjoy it, you can even explore AKC Trick Dog titles to further challenge and engage your canine companion.
Ultimately, understanding Why Dogs Lick involves recognizing the multifaceted nature of this behavior. While often a sign of affection and greeting, licking can also stem from instinct, taste preference, or underlying issues like anxiety or boredom. By observing your dog’s licking habits and considering the context, you can better understand their communication and ensure their well-being. If excessive licking becomes a concern, veterinary and behavioral interventions can help redirect this behavior into more positive and constructive outlets.
References:
- Burch, M. (n.d.). Is Licking a Dog’s Way of Kissing? American Kennel Club. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/why-do-dogs-lick/
- Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab. (n.d.). Barnard College, Columbia University. https://dogcognition.weebly.com/
- American Kennel Club. (n.d.). Dog Training & Behavior Resources. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/
