Coming home to an enthusiastic greeting from your dog, complete with tail wags and a shower of licks, is one of the joys of pet ownership. Many dog owners interpret these licks as a clear sign of affection, a canine equivalent of a kiss. But is affection the only reason behind this common dog behavior? And what if your dog’s licking becomes excessive – is that something to be concerned about? Let’s delve into the world of canine licking to understand the various reasons behind it and when it might signal a need for attention.
The Mystery Behind Dog Licks: More Than Just Kisses
While we often perceive dog licks as kisses, the reality is more nuanced. The reasons behind this behavior are varied and rooted in canine history and communication. Interestingly, what we see as a sign of love might have origins in a less romantic, more practical behavior from their wild ancestors.
Dr. Alexandra Horowitz, a leading expert in dog cognition and head of the Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab at Barnard College, Columbia University, explains this connection to the past. “Researchers studying wild canids like wolves, coyotes, and foxes have observed puppies licking their mothers’ faces and muzzles when they return from hunting. This behavior encourages the mother to regurgitate food for them.” This instinctual behavior from puppyhood might be a surprising origin for what we now interpret as affectionate licking.
Alt text: A Dalmatian dog affectionately licks the smiling face of its owner, a woman with dark hair.
Another straightforward reason your dog might be licking you is simply because they enjoy the taste! Dr. Mary Burch, a certified applied animal behaviorist, points out that human skin has a slightly salty taste, especially after exercise. Your dog’s licks could be motivated by this salty flavor rather than pure affection. Dr. Horowitz further adds that if your dog frequently licks your face, it often occurs after you’ve finished eating a delicious meal, suggesting they might be interested in lingering food flavors.
However, it’s not all about food or salt. There’s significant evidence suggesting that licking also serves as a genuine sign of affection. Dr. Horowitz notes that while licking may have started as a food-seeking behavior in puppies, it has evolved into a ritualized greeting for many domestic dogs. In fact, some wild canine species lick pack members as a way of welcoming them back. So, those wet, slobbery licks could very well be your dog’s way of expressing happiness and excitement at your presence.
Dr. Burch reinforces this idea, stating, “Licking can certainly be a sign of affection. It might also provide a dog with a sense of security and comfort, reminiscent of being licked by their mother as a puppy in the litter.” This comforting and bonding aspect of licking strengthens the social bond between dogs and their human families.
When Licking Becomes Excessive: Identifying Problem Licking
While most dog licking is normal and even endearing, there are instances where it can become problematic. Generally, if the licking is welcomed and doesn’t cause distress to either the dog or owner, it’s considered harmless self-expression. It’s important to dispel the myth that licking is a sign of dominance; in reality, it’s often quite the opposite.
“One theory proposes that licking is a submissive behavior,” explains Dr. Burch. “The idea is that dogs in a submissive role will lick a more dominant member of their pack.” This highlights the complex social communication that licking can represent in the canine world.
However, situations arise where excessive licking warrants attention. Firstly, human comfort is a key consideration. Some individuals simply dislike being licked, and it’s important to respect these preferences. If you have guests or friends who are uncomfortable with dog licking, it’s responsible pet ownership to redirect your dog’s behavior to ensure everyone’s comfort.
More seriously, excessive licking, especially self-licking or licking of objects, can be a symptom of underlying issues. If your dog’s licking becomes compulsive, repetitive, and seems to be a self-soothing mechanism, it could indicate anxiety, boredom, or even pain. Obsessive licking can also be a sign of underlying health problems such as allergies or other medical conditions causing discomfort.
Alt text: A Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever dog playfully gives a high five with its paw to its owner in a bright, outdoor setting, showcasing positive dog-owner interaction.
Addressing Excessive Licking: Solutions for Dog Owners
If you’re concerned about your dog’s excessive licking, the first step is to consult with your veterinarian. A vet can rule out any medical reasons for the behavior, such as allergies, skin conditions, or underlying pain. Addressing any potential medical issues is crucial before considering behavioral solutions.
Once medical causes are excluded, you can focus on behavioral strategies to manage excessive licking. Redirection is a highly effective technique. Dr. Burch suggests, “When your dog starts to lick, redirect their attention to a different activity.” Choose activities that are incompatible with licking, such as engaging them with an interactive puzzle toy filled with treats. Puzzle toys not only distract from licking but also provide mental stimulation, which can be especially helpful for dogs licking out of boredom. Other engaging alternatives include a game of fetch, a short training session focusing on tricks, or any activity your dog enjoys that diverts their attention from licking.
Lick mats are specifically designed to channel a dog’s licking urge in a positive and constructive way. These mats are typically made of textured silicone and can be smeared with dog-safe treats like peanut butter or plain yogurt. Serving meals on a lick mat can also be a soothing and engaging way for your dog to eat, satisfying their licking instinct in an appropriate manner.
Trick training is another excellent approach to transform unwanted licking into a positive learning opportunity. Start with basic commands like “sit.” Often, simply asking your dog to sit can interrupt the licking behavior. Immediately reward the desired behavior with praise and a treat. Building upon this, you can teach your dog more complex tricks, such as giving a hug, speaking on cue, or even learning agility tricks. If boredom is contributing to excessive licking, engaging in trick training provides mental and physical stimulation, effectively addressing the root cause while strengthening your bond. Exploring AKC Trick Dog trials can further motivate both you and your dog, turning licking tendencies into a fun and rewarding activity.
Regardless of whether you pursue trick training, ensuring your dog receives adequate attention and exercise is fundamental. Insufficient physical and mental stimulation can lead to pent-up energy, which may manifest as excessive licking or other undesirable behaviors. Regular walks, playtime, and interactive sessions are crucial for a well-balanced and happy dog, reducing the likelihood of problem licking stemming from boredom or excess energy.
By understanding the various reasons behind dog licking and implementing appropriate strategies, you can effectively manage excessive licking while nurturing a happy and healthy relationship with your canine companion.
