When someone sneezes, it’s almost automatic in many English-speaking countries, particularly in the United States, to respond with “Bless you!” or “God bless you.” This seemingly simple phrase carries a surprisingly rich history and a mix of cultural and historical roots. But where did this custom come from, and why has it persisted?
The origins of saying “bless you” are not definitively pinned down to a single source, but rather are likely a blend of fascinating theories that stretch back centuries. Let’s delve into some of the most compelling explanations for this common reaction.
Superstition and the Soul’s Escape
One popular theory traces the phrase back to ancient superstitions. In times when medical understanding was limited, bodily functions like sneezing were often shrouded in mystery and sometimes fear. It was once believed that a sneeze could expel more than just air – some thought it could expel a person’s very soul. Saying “God bless you” was therefore seen as a way to protect the person who sneezed from the devil snatching their soul during this vulnerable moment. Essentially, it acted as a quick blessing and a shield against evil forces taking advantage of the sneeze-induced weakness.
The Bubonic Plague and a Blessing for the Ill
Another prominent theory links the phrase to the devastating bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, which ravaged Europe in the 14th century. During this period, a sneeze was often an early symptom of the plague, a disease that was frequently fatal. Given the widespread fear and religious fervor of the time, saying “God bless you” became a form of benediction for someone who might be displaying a sign of this deadly illness and whose life might be in imminent danger. It was less about preventing soul loss and more about offering a blessing and perhaps a prayer for someone facing a potentially deadly ailment.
Politeness and Modern Custom
While these historical origins are intriguing, the primary reason “bless you” persists today is likely much simpler: politeness. Over time, the phrase has evolved into a common social nicety. It’s a customary and polite reaction to acknowledge someone’s sneeze, similar to saying “excuse me” after burping or coughing. It’s a way to show concern, acknowledge the person, and offer a moment of well-wishing, even if the underlying superstitious or plague-related meanings are largely forgotten. In modern usage, it’s less about warding off evil or addressing illness and more about adhering to social etiquette and showing common courtesy.
Gesundheit: A German Alternative
Interestingly, “Bless you” isn’t the only verbal reaction to a sneeze in the United States. You might also hear “Gesundheit,” a German word that directly translates to “health.” This alternative phrase’s presence in American English is attributed to the waves of German immigrants who settled in the United States, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries. “Gesundheit” entered common parlance and became another accepted response to a sneeze. Many English speakers who use “Gesundheit” might not even be fully aware of its German origins or its literal meaning, further highlighting how language and customs can evolve and blend over time.
Conclusion: A Blend of History and Habit
So, why do we say “bless you” when someone sneezes? The answer is multifaceted and rooted in a blend of historical beliefs and evolving social customs. From ancient superstitions about the soul to the grim realities of the bubonic plague, and finally to modern-day politeness, the phrase “bless you” carries layers of history within its simple words. While the original intentions might be largely lost to time for many, the act of saying “bless you” remains a common and generally well-intentioned social reflex in response to a sneeze. And for those who sneeze, the proper response remains a simple and polite “Thank you!”
