Potatoes are a kitchen staple, but sometimes they develop unsightly sprouts. Why does this happen, and are sprouted potatoes still safe to eat? This article explores the science behind potato sprouting and provides tips for handling these starchy vegetables.
What Causes Potato Sprouts?
Those “eyes” that develop on potatoes are actually sprouts, indicating the potato is trying to grow a new plant. This process is triggered by a combination of factors:
Warm Temperatures
Potatoes are best stored in a cool, dark environment. Warm temperatures (above 68°F or 20°C), like those found in pantries or on countertops, mimic springtime conditions, signaling to the potato that it’s time to grow.
Exposure to Light
Light also encourages sprouting. While a dark environment is ideal, even dim light can trigger sprout growth.
Time
Even under ideal storage conditions, potatoes will eventually sprout due to their natural life cycle. The longer a potato is stored, the more likely it is to sprout.
Are Sprouted Potatoes Safe to Eat?
Yes, sprouted potatoes are generally safe to eat, but with a few precautions:
- Remove Sprouts Thoroughly: Use a paring knife to cut away the sprout and the area it grows from. A vegetable peeler may not remove enough of the sprout.
- Discard Heavily Sprouted Potatoes: If a potato has many sprouts or the sprouts are large and have green discoloration, it’s best to discard the potato. A significant number of sprouts indicate the potato is losing nutrients and may have developed toxic compounds called solanine and chaconine, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Check for Soft Spots or Discoloration: Before cooking, inspect the potato for soft spots, discoloration, or a foul odor, which can indicate spoilage. Discard any potatoes with these signs.
Preventing Potato Sprouts
To minimize sprouting:
- Store in a Cool, Dark Place: Ideally, store potatoes in a cool (45-50°F or 7-10°C), dark, and well-ventilated area, such as a root cellar or a dark corner of your basement.
- Avoid Storing in the Refrigerator: Refrigerating potatoes can convert starch into sugar, affecting their taste and texture when cooked.
- Don’t Wash Before Storing: Moisture encourages sprouting and spoilage. Wash potatoes just before using them.
- Proper Ventilation: Ensure good airflow around potatoes to prevent moisture buildup. Store them in a single layer or in a breathable container like a paper bag or a basket.
Conclusion
While potato sprouts might look unappealing, they don’t necessarily mean the potato is inedible. By understanding why potatoes sprout and taking preventative measures, you can enjoy these versatile vegetables for longer. Remember to remove sprouts thoroughly before cooking and discard potatoes that are heavily sprouted or show signs of spoilage. Proper storage is key to keeping your potatoes fresh and sprout-free.
