A man holding his side in pain due to flank pain.
Experiencing pain in your sides, or flanks, can be concerning. While back pain is a common ailment, flank pain specifically refers to discomfort in the area between your upper abdomen and back. This article explores five potential causes of side pain, ranging from musculoskeletal issues to kidney problems.
Common Causes of Side Pain (Flank Pain)
1. Degenerative Disc Disease
As we age, the discs that cushion the vertebrae in our spine can degenerate. This can lead to compression and even rupture, causing a herniated or “slipped” disc. These conditions can narrow the spaces where nerves exit the spine, leading to irritation and pain that radiates to the flanks. Diagnosis often involves physical examination and imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs. Treatment options include rest, medication, physical therapy, injections, or surgery in severe cases.
2. Osteoarthritis of the Spine
Osteoarthritis in the spine occurs when the cartilage cushioning the joints wears down. This can irritate spinal nerves, triggering flank pain. Bone spurs, a common complication of spinal osteoarthritis, can further narrow the spinal canal (spinal stenosis), compressing nerves and intensifying pain. Treatment options range from conservative measures like physical therapy and bracing to surgical intervention.
3. Pulled Muscle
Strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or even prolonged sitting can strain the muscles in your back and sides, leading to a pulled muscle. This type of flank pain often results from sudden movements or overuse. Rest, ice, and over-the-counter pain relievers are usually sufficient for recovery.
4. Kidney Problems
Your kidneys are located on either side of your spine, making them potential culprits for flank pain. Kidney stones, hard deposits that form in the kidneys, can cause sharp, intense pain that often radiates to the side and groin. Kidney infections, frequently stemming from urinary tract infections, can also cause flank pain accompanied by fever, chills, and painful urination.
5. Shingles and Other Conditions
Shingles, a reactivation of the chickenpox virus, can manifest as a painful rash on one side of the body, sometimes accompanied by flank pain. Other less common causes of flank pain include liver disease and gastrointestinal issues. These conditions often present with additional symptoms specific to the underlying problem.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Side Pain
While many cases of flank pain resolve with home care, it’s crucial to seek medical attention if your pain is severe, persistent, accompanied by other symptoms (fever, rash, nausea, changes in urination), or worsening despite treatment. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the cause of your flank pain and recommend the appropriate treatment plan. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes, especially for serious conditions like kidney problems.
