Testicle pain, also known as orchialgia, can be a concerning symptom ranging from mild discomfort to severe agony. Understanding the potential causes is crucial for seeking appropriate medical attention. This article will explore various reasons why your testicles might hurt, ranging from minor injuries to more serious underlying conditions.
Common Causes of Testicle Pain
Testicle pain can originate from within the testicle itself or from surrounding structures like the epididymis, the coiled tube that stores and transports sperm. The sensitivity of the testicles makes them vulnerable to pain even from minor trauma.
Problems Within the Scrotum
Several conditions affecting the scrotum, the skin sac holding the testicles, can lead to pain:
- Injury: Even a minor blow to the groin can cause significant testicle pain.
- Testicular Torsion: This serious condition occurs when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, twists, cutting off blood flow. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent permanent damage.
- Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infection, can result in pain and swelling. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a common cause in young men.
- Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, often occurring alongside epididymitis, can also cause significant pain. Viral infections like mumps can be a contributing factor.
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs, can cause a dull ache or feeling of heaviness.
- Hydrocele: A fluid-filled sac surrounding the testicle can cause swelling and discomfort.
- Spermatocele: A cyst filled with fluid that develops in the epididymis can cause pain if it becomes large.
Problems Outside the Scrotum
Sometimes, testicle pain can be referred pain, meaning it originates from a problem elsewhere in the body:
- Kidney Stones: These hard deposits can cause severe pain that may radiate to the testicles as they pass through the urinary tract.
- Inguinal Hernia: A portion of the intestine pushing through a weak spot in the abdominal wall can cause pain in the groin and testicle area.
- Nerve Irritation: Problems with the nerves in the groin or lower back can sometimes cause pain that feels like it’s coming from the testicles.
When to See a Doctor
While some causes of testicle pain are minor and resolve on their own, others require prompt medical attention. Seek immediate medical care if you experience:
- Sudden, severe pain
- Pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting
- Swelling or redness of the scrotum
- Fever
- Pain after a recent injury
Diagnosing Testicle Pain
A doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history and symptoms. Further tests may include:
- Urine test: To check for infection.
- Ultrasound: To visualize the testicles and surrounding structures.
- Blood tests: To assess for infections or other conditions.
Conclusion
Testicle pain can have various causes, ranging from minor injuries to serious medical conditions. While some causes may resolve on their own, it’s essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment, especially if the pain is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other symptoms. Prompt medical attention can help prevent potential complications and ensure optimal testicular health.
References:
- Eyre RC. Acute scrotal pain in adults. UpToDate. Accessed July 3, 2023.
- Scrotal pain. Merck Manual Professional Version. Accessed July 3, 2023.
