Swollen glands, more accurately known as swollen lymph nodes, are often an indication that your body is actively fighting off an infection. These swellings, typically resolving within a couple of weeks when caused by infection, are a common bodily response. But Why Do Lymph Nodes Swell in the first place? Let’s delve into the reasons and what your body is signaling.
What are Lymph Nodes and Where are They Located?
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are a crucial part of your body’s immune system. They act as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances. These nodes are interconnected by lymphatic vessels and are strategically located throughout your body, particularly in areas vulnerable to infection. You can commonly feel them close to the surface in areas such as:
- Neck: On both sides and under the chin
- Armpits: In the underarm area
- Groin: In the area where your thigh meets your abdomen
Symptoms of Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes are usually noticeable as tender lumps that can be painful to the touch. You might observe:
- Tenderness and Pain: The swollen area is sensitive and may hurt when pressed.
- Visible Lumps: You can often see or feel the enlarged nodes, especially in the neck.
- Location near Infection: Swelling typically occurs in the lymph nodes closest to the site of an infection. For instance, a throat infection might cause swelling in the neck nodes.
Accompanying symptoms often provide clues about the underlying cause. You might also experience:
- Sore throat
- Cough
- High temperature (fever)
Self-Care for Swollen Lymph Nodes
In many cases, swollen lymph nodes due to common infections will subside on their own as your body overcomes the illness, usually within 1 to 2 weeks. To ease discomfort and support your body during this time, you can:
- Rest: Allow your body to focus energy on fighting the infection.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and help your body function efficiently.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help manage pain and fever. Remember, aspirin is not suitable for children under 16 years old.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While most cases of swollen glands are not serious, it’s important to know when to seek medical attention. Consult a doctor if you experience any of the following:
Non-Urgent Advice: See a Doctor If:
- Persistent or Growing Swelling: If the glands are getting bigger, or haven’t reduced in size within a week.
- Hard or Immovable Nodes: If the swollen glands feel hard to the touch or don’t move when you press them.
- Night Sweats or High Fever: Experiencing night sweats or a very high temperature accompanied by shivering.
- Unexplained Swelling: Swollen glands without any other signs of illness or infection.
- Collarbone Area Swelling: Swollen lymph glands just above or below your collar bone.
Urgent Advice: Seek Immediate Medical Help If:
- Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: Swollen glands that make it very difficult to swallow or cause breathing problems.
In urgent cases, seek an urgent doctor’s appointment or contact emergency services immediately.
Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes are frequently triggered by common infections. Typical causes include:
- Common Illnesses: Colds, tonsillitis, and ear or throat infections are frequent culprits.
- Viral Infections: Viral infections like glandular fever can also lead to swollen glands.
- Less Common Serious Causes: In rare instances, swollen lymph nodes can be a sign of more serious conditions such as blood cancer (leukemia) or lymphoma (lymph system cancer).
It’s crucial to avoid self-diagnosing. If you are concerned about swollen glands, consulting a doctor is always the best course of action. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics if the cause is bacterial (antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections).
This information is for general knowledge and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for any health concerns.
