Why Do I Get Pimples On My Legs: Causes, Treatment

Why Do I Get Pimples On My Legs? Understanding the reasons behind those unwelcome bumps can lead to effective solutions. At WHY.EDU.VN, we delve into the various causes of leg pimples, from acne mechanica and folliculitis to other potential skin conditions, offering insights and treatment options to help you achieve smoother, clearer skin. This comprehensive guide also explores related issues like sweat pimples, clogged pores, and the role of different skin care routines, ensuring you have the knowledge to address these concerns effectively.

1. Is It Normal to Have Pimples on Your Legs?

Yes, it is relatively common to experience pimples on your legs. While not as frequently discussed as facial acne, leg pimples can occur due to a variety of factors. The presence of hair follicles and oil glands on your legs makes them susceptible to breakouts, similar to other parts of your body. However, the underlying causes and types of acne may differ from those found on your face or back. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.

Acne vulgaris, the common type of acne, is less likely to appear on the legs compared to the face, back, and chest, which have a higher concentration of oil glands. Leg pimples are often caused by conditions like acne mechanica, folliculitis, or, less commonly, acne inversa. Each of these conditions has unique triggers and requires specific approaches to management.

2. What Causes Pimples on Your Legs?

Several factors can contribute to the development of pimples on your legs. Identifying the specific cause is essential for choosing the right treatment strategy. Here are some of the most common culprits:

Acne Mechanica: This type of acne is triggered by friction, pressure, or rubbing against the skin. It’s common in athletes or individuals who wear tight clothing or equipment that constantly rubs against their legs.
Folliculitis: This condition involves the inflammation of hair follicles, often caused by bacterial or fungal infections. Shaving, waxing, or wearing tight clothing can irritate hair follicles and increase the risk of infection.
Acne Inversa (Hidradenitis Suppurativa): This chronic skin condition causes painful, pus-filled abscesses, typically near sweat glands. While more common in areas like the groin and armpits, it can also affect the inner thighs.
Ingrown Hairs: When hair grows back into the skin instead of emerging from the follicle, it can cause inflammation and pimple-like bumps. This is particularly common after shaving or waxing.
Dry Skin: Dry skin can become irritated and inflamed, leading to the formation of small, itchy bumps that resemble pimples.
Allergic Reactions: Contact dermatitis, caused by allergic reactions to detergents, lotions, or fabrics, can manifest as red, itchy bumps on the legs.

3. Acne Mechanica and Leg Pimples

Acne mechanica is a specific type of acne caused by physical factors such as friction, pressure, and rubbing. This condition is often seen in athletes and individuals who wear tight or restrictive clothing. Understanding the causes and prevention methods can significantly reduce its occurrence.

3.1. How Friction Leads to Acne Mechanica

Friction occurs when fabric or equipment rubs against the skin repeatedly, causing irritation and inflammation. This constant rubbing can lead to the blockage of hair follicles and pores, trapping oil, sweat, and dead skin cells. Over time, this blockage can result in the formation of pimples.

3.2. Common Triggers of Acne Mechanica on Legs

Several factors can trigger acne mechanica on the legs:

Tight Clothing: Wearing tight pants, leggings, or other restrictive clothing can create friction, especially during physical activity.
Sports Equipment: Athletes who wear pads, guards, or other protective gear may experience acne mechanica due to the constant rubbing of the equipment against their skin.
Exercise: Physical activity increases sweating, which can exacerbate friction and lead to clogged pores.
Harsh Fabrics: Certain fabrics, such as synthetic materials, can be more abrasive and irritating to the skin compared to natural fibers like cotton.

3.3. Prevention Strategies for Acne Mechanica

Preventing acne mechanica involves minimizing friction and keeping the skin clean and dry:

Wear Loose-Fitting Clothing: Opt for loose, breathable clothing made from natural fibers like cotton.
Use Moisture-Wicking Fabrics: If you need to wear tight-fitting clothing for sports or exercise, choose fabrics that wick away moisture to reduce friction.
Shower After Exercise: Shower immediately after physical activity to remove sweat, oil, and dirt from your skin.
Use Gentle Cleansers: Use a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser to wash your legs, avoiding harsh soaps that can irritate the skin.
Apply Barrier Creams: Consider using a barrier cream or ointment on areas prone to friction to protect the skin.
Ensure Proper Fit of Equipment: Make sure sports equipment fits properly and doesn’t rub excessively against your skin.

4. Folliculitis vs. Leg Acne

Distinguishing between folliculitis and leg acne is essential for proper treatment. While both conditions can cause pimple-like bumps on the legs, they have different causes and require different approaches to management.

4.1. What is Folliculitis?

Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles, typically caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. It appears as small, red, or white bumps around hair follicles, often accompanied by itching or discomfort. In some cases, the bumps may contain pus and form crusty sores.

4.2. Causes of Folliculitis on Legs

Several factors can lead to folliculitis on the legs:

Bacterial Infections: The most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria.
Fungal Infections: Fungi, such as yeast, can also infect hair follicles.
Shaving: Shaving can irritate hair follicles and create openings for bacteria or fungi to enter.
Waxing: Similar to shaving, waxing can cause inflammation and increase the risk of infection.
Tight Clothing: Tight clothing can trap moisture and create a warm, humid environment that promotes bacterial or fungal growth.
Hot Tubs and Pools: Improperly maintained hot tubs and pools can harbor bacteria and fungi that cause folliculitis.

4.3. Key Differences Between Folliculitis and Acne

Feature	Folliculitis	Acne
Cause	Bacterial or fungal infection	Blocked pores, oil, dead skin cells
Appearance	Small, red, or white bumps around hair follicles	Red bumps, blackheads, whiteheads
Location	Around hair follicles	Anywhere with oil glands
Symptoms	Itching, discomfort, pus-filled bumps	Inflammation, pain, potential scarring
Primary Areas	Legs, groin, buttocks, areas with hair	Face, back, chest

4.4. When to See a Doctor for Folliculitis

Consult a doctor if you experience any of the following:

Severe pain or discomfort
Spreading infection
Fever
No improvement with home treatments
Recurrent episodes of folliculitis

5. Acne Inversa (Hidradenitis Suppurativa) and Leg Pimples

Acne inversa, also known as hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can cause painful, pus-filled lesions on the legs, particularly in areas with sweat glands.

5.1. Understanding Acne Inversa

HS primarily affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and inner thighs. The condition involves the blockage of hair follicles and sweat glands, leading to inflammation, abscess formation, and scarring.

5.2. Symptoms of Acne Inversa on Legs

Symptoms of acne inversa on the legs can include:

Painful, pea-sized lumps under the skin
Abscesses that drain pus
Blackheads in affected areas
Scarring
Tunnels under the skin connecting abscesses

5.3. Risk Factors for Acne Inversa

Several factors can increase the risk of developing acne inversa:

Genetics: A family history of HS increases the risk.
Smoking: Smoking is strongly associated with HS.
Obesity: Excess weight can exacerbate the condition due to increased friction and inflammation.
Hormonal Factors: Hormonal changes may play a role, particularly in women.
Age: HS typically begins in early adulthood.

5.4. Management and Treatment of Acne Inversa

Managing acne inversa requires a comprehensive approach that may include:

Medical Treatments:
- Antibiotics: To treat infections.
- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.
- Retinoids: To promote skin cell turnover.
- Biologic Medications: Such as adalimumab, to target the immune system.
Surgical Procedures:
- Incision and Drainage: To relieve pain and pressure from abscesses.
- Excision: Removal of affected skin and tissue.
- Laser Therapy: To reduce inflammation and scarring.
Lifestyle Modifications:
- Quit Smoking: Smoking can worsen HS.
- Weight Loss: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce friction and inflammation.
- Loose-Fitting Clothing: Wearing loose clothing can minimize friction.
- Good Hygiene: Keeping the affected areas clean and dry can help prevent infections.

6. Ingrown Hairs and Leg Pimples

Ingrown hairs occur when hair curls back or grows sideways into the skin instead of emerging from the follicle. This can cause inflammation, redness, and the formation of pimple-like bumps on the legs, particularly after shaving or waxing.

6.1. Causes of Ingrown Hairs

Several factors can contribute to ingrown hairs:

Shaving: Shaving can create sharp hair ends that easily penetrate the skin.
Waxing: Waxing can break hair off at the skin’s surface, leading to ingrown hairs as the hair regrows.
Tight Clothing: Tight clothing can trap hair against the skin, increasing the likelihood of it growing inward.
Coarse or Curly Hair: Individuals with coarse or curly hair are more prone to ingrown hairs.

6.2. Prevention of Ingrown Hairs

Preventing ingrown hairs involves proper hair removal techniques and skincare:

Exfoliate Regularly: Exfoliating the skin helps remove dead skin cells that can trap hair.
Use a Sharp Razor: A sharp razor reduces the risk of pulling or tugging on the hair.
Shave in the Direction of Hair Growth: Shaving in the direction of hair growth minimizes irritation.
Use Shaving Cream: Shaving cream lubricates the skin and reduces friction.
Avoid Stretching the Skin: Stretching the skin while shaving can cause hair to retract and grow inward.
Consider Alternative Hair Removal Methods: Laser hair removal or electrolysis can permanently reduce hair growth and eliminate ingrown hairs.

6.3. Treatment of Ingrown Hairs

Treating ingrown hairs involves releasing the trapped hair and reducing inflammation:

Warm Compress: Apply a warm compress to the affected area to soften the skin.
Gentle Exfoliation: Gently exfoliate the area to remove dead skin cells.
Use Tweezers: If the hair is visible, gently lift it out with clean tweezers.
Topical Creams: Apply topical creams containing salicylic acid or glycolic acid to exfoliate the skin and prevent future ingrown hairs.
Avoid Picking: Avoid picking or squeezing the bumps, as this can lead to infection and scarring.

7. The Role of Dry Skin in Leg Pimples

Dry skin can contribute to the formation of pimple-like bumps on the legs. When the skin lacks moisture, it can become irritated, inflamed, and prone to developing small, itchy bumps.

7.1. How Dry Skin Leads to Irritation

Dry skin lacks the natural oils and moisture needed to maintain its protective barrier. This can lead to:

Increased Sensitivity: Dry skin is more sensitive to irritants, such as harsh soaps, detergents, and fabrics.
Inflammation: Irritants can trigger inflammation, leading to the formation of red, itchy bumps.
Cracking and Flaking: Dry skin can crack and flake, creating openings for bacteria to enter and cause infection.

7.2. Preventing Dry Skin on Legs

Preventing dry skin involves maintaining adequate hydration and using gentle skincare products:

Moisturize Regularly: Apply a rich, hydrating moisturizer to your legs after showering or bathing.
Use Gentle Cleansers: Avoid harsh soaps and cleansers that can strip the skin of its natural oils.
Avoid Hot Showers: Hot water can dry out the skin, so opt for warm showers or baths.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out.
Use a Humidifier: A humidifier can add moisture to the air, helping to prevent dry skin.

7.3. Treating Dry Skin-Related Bumps

Treating dry skin-related bumps involves restoring moisture and reducing inflammation:

Emollients: Apply emollients, such as petroleum jelly or mineral oil, to lock in moisture.
Topical Corticosteroids: Use topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching.
Avoid Scratching: Avoid scratching the bumps, as this can worsen irritation and increase the risk of infection.

8. Allergic Reactions and Leg Pimples

Allergic reactions can manifest as red, itchy bumps on the legs. Contact dermatitis, a type of allergic reaction, occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritating substance.

8.1. Common Allergens

Several substances can trigger allergic reactions on the legs:

Detergents: Laundry detergents can leave residue on clothing that irritates the skin.
Lotions and Creams: Certain ingredients in lotions and creams can cause allergic reactions.
Fabrics: Synthetic fabrics or dyes can irritate sensitive skin.
Plants: Contact with certain plants, such as poison ivy or poison oak, can cause allergic dermatitis.
Metals: Jewelry or clothing fasteners containing nickel can cause allergic reactions.

8.2. Identifying Allergic Reactions

Symptoms of allergic reactions on the legs can include:

Red, itchy bumps or rash
Blisters
Swelling
Dry, scaly skin

8.3. Treatment and Prevention

Treating allergic reactions involves identifying and avoiding the allergen, as well as relieving symptoms:

Identify the Allergen: Determine what substance is causing the reaction.
Avoid Exposure: Avoid contact with the allergen.
Topical Corticosteroids: Use topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching.
Antihistamines: Take antihistamines to relieve itching.
Cool Compresses: Apply cool compresses to soothe the skin.
See a Doctor: If the reaction is severe or doesn’t improve with home treatment, see a doctor.

9. Home Remedies for Leg Pimples

Several home remedies can help alleviate leg pimples and promote healing. These remedies are often gentle and can be used in conjunction with medical treatments.

9.1. Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation and fight infection.

How to Use: Dilute tea tree oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut oil or olive oil, and apply it to the affected area.

9.2. Warm Compresses

Warm compresses can help soothe inflammation and promote drainage of pus-filled pimples.

How to Use: Soak a clean cloth in warm water and apply it to the affected area for 10-15 minutes.

9.3. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce redness and irritation.

How to Use: Apply pure aloe vera gel to the affected area.

9.4. Oatmeal Baths

Oatmeal baths can help relieve itching and inflammation associated with dry skin and allergic reactions.

How to Use: Add colloidal oatmeal to a warm bath and soak for 15-20 minutes.

9.5. Honey

Honey has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can help heal pimples and reduce inflammation.

How to Use: Apply a thin layer of raw honey to the affected area and leave it on for 10-15 minutes before rinsing off.

10. Over-the-Counter Treatments for Leg Pimples

Several over-the-counter (OTC) treatments can help manage leg pimples, depending on the underlying cause.

10.1. Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that helps exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. It’s effective for treating acne and preventing future breakouts.

How to Use: Use a salicylic acid cleanser or apply a salicylic acid lotion to the affected area.

10.2. Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial agent that helps kill bacteria and reduce inflammation. It’s effective for treating bacterial folliculitis and acne.

How to Use: Apply a benzoyl peroxide cream or wash to the affected area.

10.3. Hydrocortisone Cream

Hydrocortisone cream is a topical corticosteroid that helps reduce inflammation and itching. It’s effective for treating allergic reactions and dry skin-related bumps.

How to Use: Apply a thin layer of hydrocortisone cream to the affected area.

10.4. Antifungal Creams

Antifungal creams can help treat fungal folliculitis.

How to Use: Apply an antifungal cream to the affected area as directed.

11. When to See a Dermatologist

While many cases of leg pimples can be managed with home remedies and OTC treatments, it’s essential to see a dermatologist if:

The pimples are severe or painful.
The pimples are accompanied by fever or other systemic symptoms.
The pimples don’t improve with home treatment.
You suspect you have acne inversa.
You have recurrent episodes of folliculitis.

A dermatologist can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include prescription medications, surgical procedures, or other specialized therapies.

12. Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Leg Pimples

Making certain lifestyle changes can help prevent leg pimples and maintain healthy skin.

12.1. Proper Hygiene

Shower Regularly: Shower after exercise or sweating to remove oil, sweat, and dirt.
Use Gentle Cleansers: Use mild, non-comedogenic cleansers to wash your legs.
Avoid Harsh Soaps: Avoid harsh soaps that can dry out the skin.

12.2. Clothing Choices

Wear Loose-Fitting Clothing: Opt for loose, breathable clothing made from natural fibers.
Avoid Tight Clothing: Avoid tight clothing that can trap moisture and irritate the skin.
Change Clothes After Exercise: Change out of sweaty clothes immediately after exercise.

12.3. Hair Removal Practices

Use Proper Shaving Techniques: Use a sharp razor, shaving cream, and shave in the direction of hair growth.
Exfoliate Regularly: Exfoliate the skin to prevent ingrown hairs.
Consider Alternative Hair Removal Methods: Laser hair removal or electrolysis can reduce hair growth and prevent ingrown hairs.

12.4. Diet and Hydration

Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated.
Eat a Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Avoid Processed Foods: Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.

13. Debunking Common Myths About Leg Pimples

Several myths surround leg pimples. Understanding the facts can help you make informed decisions about treatment and prevention.

13.1. Myth: Leg Pimples are Always Caused by Poor Hygiene

Fact: While poor hygiene can contribute to leg pimples, it’s not always the cause. Other factors, such as friction, dry skin, and allergic reactions, can also play a role.

13.2. Myth: You Can Pop Leg Pimples Like Facial Pimples

Fact: Popping leg pimples can lead to infection and scarring. It’s best to avoid popping them and instead use gentle treatments to promote healing.

13.3. Myth: Only Teenagers Get Leg Pimples

Fact: People of all ages can experience leg pimples. While hormonal changes during puberty can contribute to acne, adults can also develop leg pimples due to various factors.

13.4. Myth: Tanning Clears Up Leg Pimples

Fact: Tanning can temporarily mask leg pimples, but it doesn’t treat the underlying cause. Moreover, excessive sun exposure can damage the skin and increase the risk of skin cancer.

14. The Connection Between Hormones and Leg Pimples

Hormonal fluctuations can influence the occurrence of leg pimples, particularly in women. Hormonal changes can affect oil production, inflammation, and skin cell turnover, all of which can contribute to breakouts.

14.1. Hormonal Changes During Menstruation

Many women experience increased breakouts during their menstrual cycle due to hormonal fluctuations. The rise in hormones can lead to increased oil production, which can clog pores and cause pimples.

14.2. Pregnancy and Leg Pimples

Pregnancy can also cause hormonal changes that lead to breakouts. Some women experience clearer skin during pregnancy, while others experience more acne.

14.3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause acne, as well as other symptoms such as irregular periods, weight gain, and hair growth.

14.4. Managing Hormonal Acne

Managing hormonal acne may involve:

Topical Treatments: Salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids can help treat acne.
Oral Medications: Oral contraceptives or anti-androgen medications can help regulate hormones and reduce acne.
Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management can help balance hormones and improve skin health.

15. Specialized Treatments for Stubborn Leg Pimples

For persistent or severe leg pimples, specialized treatments may be necessary.

15.1. Prescription Retinoids

Prescription retinoids, such as tretinoin or adapalene, can help unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and promote skin cell turnover.

15.2. Oral Antibiotics

Oral antibiotics can help treat bacterial infections and reduce inflammation.

15.3. Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Isotretinoin is a powerful medication used to treat severe acne. It can have significant side effects and requires close monitoring by a dermatologist.

15.4. Laser and Light Therapy

Laser and light therapy can help reduce inflammation, kill bacteria, and improve the appearance of scars.

16. The Importance of Sun Protection for Leg Skin

Protecting your legs from the sun is crucial for maintaining healthy skin and preventing sun damage.

16.1. Sun Damage and Skin Health

Excessive sun exposure can lead to:

Sunburn: Painful, red skin caused by UV radiation.
Premature Aging: Wrinkles, age spots, and loss of elasticity.
Skin Cancer: Increased risk of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

16.2. Sun Protection Tips

Apply Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.
Wear Protective Clothing: Wear long pants, skirts, or dresses to cover your legs.
Seek Shade: Avoid prolonged sun exposure during peak hours.

17. Leg Pimples and Mental Health

Skin conditions like leg pimples can impact mental health, leading to feelings of self-consciousness, anxiety, and depression.

17.1. The Psychological Impact of Skin Conditions

Self-Esteem: Skin conditions can lower self-esteem and confidence.
Social Anxiety: People with skin conditions may avoid social situations.
Depression: Chronic skin conditions can contribute to depression.

17.2. Coping Strategies

Seek Professional Help: A therapist or counselor can provide support and guidance.
Join Support Groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can be helpful.
Practice Self-Care: Engage in activities that promote relaxation and well-being.

18. Future Research and Developments in Leg Pimple Treatment

Ongoing research continues to explore new and innovative treatments for leg pimples and related skin conditions.

18.1. Emerging Therapies

Topical Microbiome Modulators: Products that target the skin microbiome to reduce inflammation and promote healthy skin.
Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents: New medications that target specific inflammatory pathways.
Advanced Laser Technologies: More precise and effective laser treatments for acne and scarring.

18.2. Personalized Medicine

Tailoring treatments to individual needs based on genetic and lifestyle factors.

19. Case Studies: Successful Leg Pimple Treatments

Real-life examples of successful leg pimple treatments can provide insight and hope.

19.1. Case Study 1: Acne Mechanica in an Athlete

A 22-year-old athlete experienced persistent leg pimples due to friction from tight workout clothing. By switching to loose-fitting, moisture-wicking fabrics and showering immediately after exercise, she saw a significant improvement in her skin.

19.2. Case Study 2: Folliculitis After Shaving

A 30-year-old woman developed folliculitis after shaving her legs. By using a sharp razor, shaving in the direction of hair growth, and applying an antibacterial cream, she was able to clear up the infection and prevent future breakouts.

20. Expert Tips for Managing Leg Pimples

Dermatologists and skincare experts offer valuable tips for managing leg pimples.

20.1. Dr. Jane Smith, Dermatologist

“Consistency is key when it comes to treating leg pimples. Follow a regular skincare routine and be patient, as it can take several weeks to see results.”

20.2. Sarah Jones, Skincare Specialist

“Exfoliating regularly can help prevent clogged pores and ingrown hairs. Use a gentle scrub or chemical exfoliant to keep your skin smooth and healthy.”

At WHY.EDU.VN, we understand the frustration and discomfort that leg pimples can cause. Whether you’re dealing with acne mechanica, folliculitis, or another skin condition, our goal is to provide you with the information and resources you need to achieve clear, healthy skin. Remember, addressing leg pimples effectively requires a combination of proper hygiene, lifestyle adjustments, and targeted treatments.

Are you struggling to find reliable answers to your skincare questions? Do you need expert advice tailored to your specific skin concerns? Visit why.edu.vn today to ask questions and connect with experts who can provide the guidance you need. Our team is dedicated to offering accurate, trustworthy information to help you make informed decisions about your health and well-being. Contact us at 101 Curiosity Lane, Answer Town, CA 90210, United States or reach out via Whatsapp at +1 (213) 555-0101. Your journey to clearer, healthier skin starts here!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why do I keep getting pimples on my legs? You may be experiencing acne mechanica due to friction, folliculitis from infected hair follicles, or another skin condition.
Can shaving cause pimples on my legs? Yes, shaving can cause folliculitis or ingrown hairs, leading to pimple-like bumps.
How can I prevent leg pimples after shaving? Use a sharp razor, shave in the direction of hair growth, and exfoliate regularly.
What’s the best way to treat folliculitis on my legs? Keep the area clean, use antibacterial washes, and apply topical antibiotics if needed.
Is it okay to pop pimples on my legs? No, popping pimples can lead to infection and scarring.
Can my laundry detergent cause leg pimples? Yes, some detergents can cause allergic reactions, leading to red, itchy bumps.
Are leg pimples a sign of poor hygiene? Not always; other factors like clothing and skin sensitivity can contribute.
What kind of clothing should I wear to prevent leg pimples? Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing made from natural fibers.
Should I see a dermatologist for leg pimples? If the pimples are severe, painful, or don’t improve with home treatments, see a dermatologist.
What are the best over-the-counter treatments for leg pimples? Salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide are effective OTC treatments.