Fingernail ridges, those vertical or horizontal lines on your nails, can be a common occurrence. While often harmless, particularly with age, they can sometimes indicate underlying health issues. Understanding the causes of these ridges can help you determine if a visit to the doctor is necessary.
Understanding Vertical and Horizontal Nail Ridges
The appearance and causes of vertical and horizontal ridges differ. Recognizing the type of ridges you have is the first step in understanding their potential significance.
Vertical Nail Ridges: Causes and Concerns
Vertical ridges, also known as onychorrhexis, run from the base of the nail to the tip. They often appear as fine lines and are generally more prominent with age, as nails naturally thin and become more brittle.
Common Causes of Vertical Ridges:
- Aging: The most frequent cause, resulting from natural nail thinning.
- Nutrient Deficiencies: Lack of iron, folic acid (vitamin B9), or protein can manifest as vertical ridges. Eating disorders can also contribute to these deficiencies.
- Dehydration: Dry skin and dehydrated nails can exacerbate the appearance of ridges.
Less Common but Potential Medical Causes:
- Skin Conditions: Psoriasis, lichen planus, and other inflammatory skin conditions can affect nail health.
- Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can impact nail growth.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: This autoimmune disorder can sometimes cause nail changes.
- Rare Diseases: In rare cases, conditions like amyloidosis and Witkop syndrome can cause vertical ridging.
External Factors:
- Trauma: Repeated trauma from manicures, pedicures, or harsh chemicals in nail products can contribute to ridges.
Horizontal Nail Ridges (Beau’s Lines): Causes and Concerns
Horizontal ridges, known as Beau’s lines, are deeper grooves or indentations that run across the nail. They often signal a temporary disruption in nail growth.
Common Causes of Beau’s Lines:
- Trauma: Injury to the nail bed, such as hitting your finger or toe, can cause Beau’s lines.
- Artificial Nails: Prolonged use of artificial nails or gel manicures can damage the nail bed.
Medical Conditions Associated with Beau’s Lines:
- Skin Conditions: Eczema and psoriasis can affect nail growth.
- Nutrient Deficiencies: Zinc and protein deficiencies can disrupt nail formation.
- Stress: Extreme emotional stress or anxiety can impact nail health.
- Circulatory Issues: Conditions affecting blood flow to the nails, including peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and Raynaud’s disease.
- Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease can manifest in nail changes.
- Severe Illnesses: Pneumonia, strep throat, COVID-19, and other severe infections can temporarily disrupt nail growth.
- Chemotherapy: This cancer treatment can significantly affect nail growth.
Treating and Managing Fingernail Ridges
If you’re concerned about fingernail ridges, consult a dermatologist. While often benign, a medical professional can determine if an underlying condition requires treatment.
Treatment Approaches:
- Addressing Underlying Conditions: Treating medical conditions or nutrient deficiencies often allows healthier nails to regrow. Note that nail growth is slow, so it may take several months to see improvement.
- Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining proper hydration, avoiding harsh chemicals, and protecting your nails from trauma can improve nail health. Moisturizing regularly and wearing gloves when handling cleaning products can help prevent dryness and brittleness.
Managing Age-Related Ridges:
While age-related ridges can’t be eliminated, gentle buffing can minimize their appearance. Avoid over-buffing, as it can weaken the nails. Regular moisturizing is crucial for maintaining nail health and minimizing the prominence of ridges.
