If you’ve ever noticed your canine companion experiencing tremors throughout their body, it’s natural to wonder, “Why do dogs shake?” It’s important to distinguish this type of shaking from the normal whole-body shake dogs do to dry themselves after a bath or swim. We’re also not discussing head shaking and ear scratching related to itches or ear infections. Here, we’re focusing on full-body tremors that can be a cause for concern.
There are numerous reasons why a dog might shake, ranging from simple behavioral responses to serious underlying medical conditions. Understanding these causes is crucial for responsible dog ownership. This article will delve into the common reasons behind dog shaking, explore which breeds might be more prone to tremors, and, most importantly, help you determine when shaking is an emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention.
Decoding Dog Shaking: Medical vs. Behavioral Causes
Generally, we can categorize dog shaking into two main groups:
- Medical or Physical: Shaking as a direct symptom of a health issue or physical ailment.
- Behavioral: Shaking as a physiological response linked to a dog’s emotional state.
Medical Reasons Why Your Dog Might Be Shaking
Several physical conditions can manifest as shaking or trembling in dogs. Recognizing these potential medical causes is the first step in ensuring your dog’s well-being.
One common physical reason is cold. Just like humans, dogs shiver when they’re cold as a natural mechanism for thermoregulation, generating heat to warm their bodies.
Dogs can also shake due to pain. Pain, whether from an injury, inflammation, or infection, can trigger tremors. It’s important to remember that dogs are stoic creatures and don’t always vocalize their pain. Body tremors might be the only visible indicator that your dog is hurting.
Neurological Disorders and Tremors in Dogs
The nervous system plays a critical role in controlling muscle movement, and disruptions can lead to shaking. Several neurological conditions are known to cause tremors in dogs.
Seizure disorders can range from subtle body tremors to full-blown convulsions. Seizures are not breed-specific and can affect any dog.
Certain neurological disorders are congenital, meaning they are present from birth. Examples include cerebellar hypoplasia, shaker syndrome (also known as Generalized Tremor Syndrome – GTS), and shaking puppy syndrome.
Cerebellar Hypoplasia: Impact on Coordination
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a condition where the cerebellum, the brain region responsible for coordinating movement, doesn’t fully develop. This is typically observed in puppies as they begin to stand and walk.
Symptoms include head bobbing, loss of balance leading to falling, and tremors, particularly in the limbs. Genetic predisposition has been noted in breeds like Chow Chows, Airedale Terriers, Boston Terriers, and Bull Terriers.
Shaker Syndrome (Generalized Tremor Syndrome – GTS): Whole Body Shaking
Shaker syndrome, or GTS, is often seen in dogs with white fur, such as Maltese and West Highland White Terriers. However, it can occur in dogs of any coat color.
This syndrome causes generalized body shaking and is linked to inflammation within the central nervous system. It usually appears in young to middle-aged dogs.
Shaking Puppy Syndrome (Hypomyelination): Early Onset Tremors
Shaking puppy syndrome, or hypomyelination, affects puppies as young as two weeks old. Signs include body tremors, balance and coordination problems, and difficulty walking.
This condition arises from insufficient myelin production. Myelin is a protective sheath around nerves, essential for proper nerve signal transmission. Breeds known to be affected include male Welsh Springer Spaniels, male Samoyeds, Chow Chows, Weimaraners, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Dalmatians, Golden Retrievers, and Lurchers. Interestingly, in Samoyeds and Springer Spaniels, only male puppies are affected.
Shaking Triggered by Medications and Toxins
Ingestion of certain substances can induce shaking in dogs. Common culprits include marijuana and chocolate, both of which can cause a range of symptoms including tremors.
Some dogs exhibit sensitivity to specific flea and tick medications and may experience tremors or even seizures as a reaction.
Recovery from anesthesia after surgical or dental procedures can also lead to temporary shaking in some dogs. Additionally, certain psychotropic medications can sometimes cause shaking as a side effect.
Other Medical Conditions Associated with Shaking
Beyond neurological issues and toxins, several other medical conditions can manifest as shaking or tremors:
- Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease): This endocrine disorder can cause various symptoms, including lethargy, vomiting, and shaking.
- Hypocalcemia (Low Calcium): Low calcium levels can lead to muscle trembling and seizures in dogs.
- Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Insufficient blood sugar can cause muscle twitching and seizures.
- Distemper: This infectious viral disease can include muscle tremors among its clinical signs.
Behavioral Reasons for Shaking in Dogs: Emotions and Stress
Shaking isn’t always rooted in a physical ailment; it can also be a behavioral response to emotions. Dogs experiencing fear, anxiety, or stress may exhibit shaking as a physiological reaction.
Fear is a vital survival mechanism, triggering the “fight or flight” response. Anxiety arises when a dog anticipates a potential threat, while stress represents a challenge that disrupts the dog’s equilibrium. High stress levels can also lead to shaking.
When a perceived threat occurs, the amygdala, the brain’s emotional processing center, is activated. This triggers a cascade of reactions throughout the brain and body.
Hormones like cortisol and adrenaline are released, preparing the dog for fight or flight. These hormones cause increased heart and respiratory rates, pupil dilation, bladder relaxation, blood vessel constriction, slowed digestion, and, importantly, shaking.
Excitement can also cause shaking in dogs, indicating heightened mental arousal. This arousal can stem from both positive and negative emotions.
When Is Dog Shaking a Cause for Immediate Concern?
If you notice your dog shaking, try to identify potential triggers. Consider recent events: Did your dog ingest anything unusual? Was there a sudden loud noise? Did you administer any new medications? If you are uncertain about the cause, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and contact your veterinarian.
Ensure your shaking dog is in a warm environment and check if they feel cold to the touch. Persistent shaking in a puppy that doesn’t feel cold warrants a veterinary examination.
Look for accompanying symptoms. If your adult dog is shaking and exhibiting other signs like lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, eye or nose discharge, or urinary incontinence, veterinary attention is crucial.
If the shaking is solely triggered by loud noises like thunder or fireworks, or specific stimuli during walks, consider consulting a veterinary behaviorist (Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists – DACVB) or a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB). It’s wise to rule out medical causes with your regular vet first and then seek a referral to a behavior specialist if needed.
Understanding why dogs shake is vital for responsible pet ownership. By being observant and proactive, you can ensure your furry friend receives the appropriate care and attention they need.
Featured Image: iStock.com/Coica
WRITTEN BY:
Wailani Sung, MS, PhD, DVM, DACVB Veterinarian
Dr. Wailani Sung is dedicated to helping pet owners prevent and manage behavioral issues in their animals, fostering stronger human-animal bonds.
