Dogs licking each other’s mouths is a common sight, raising the question: why do they do it? Unlike cats, who groom themselves and each other through licking, dogs primarily use licking for communication and social bonding. While some dogs enjoy “kissing” their owners, puppies, or even friendly cats, licking serves a deeper purpose in canine interactions.
Understanding Canine Communication Through Licking
Licking is a multifaceted form of communication for dogs, expressing affection, submission, and respect. They show affection to their offspring, owners, and fellow canines through licking, often combined with playful interactions and close physical contact like sleeping together. Submissive licking occurs when a dog acknowledges another’s higher social standing. Young dogs often lick the mouths of their parents or owners as a sign of respect. Alexandra Horowitz explores canine social behaviors in her book, “Inside of a Dog,” offering valuable insights into this complex communication system.
The Evolutionary Basis of Mouth Licking in Dogs
Scientists believe that this licking behavior stems from dogs’ ancestry as pack animals. Wolves, the ancestors of domestic dogs, use mutual grooming to strengthen social bonds and maintain harmony within the pack. Similarly, dogs may lick each other’s mouths to reinforce these bonds and ensure social cohesion. Adam Miklosi delves into this topic in his book, “Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition,” providing a comprehensive analysis of canine domestication and social behavior. His research sheds light on the evolutionary roots of licking in dogs.
Beyond Social Bonding: Other Reasons for Licking
While social bonding is a primary reason, dogs might also lick each other’s mouths to gather information. Experts suggest that licking allows dogs to learn about their packmates’ diet and health. This is particularly relevant for dogs that hunt or scavenge, enabling them to identify potential food sources or detect health issues within their group. Dr. Karen Overall’s “Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats” provides further insights into understanding common canine behaviors, including licking.
When Licking Becomes a Problem: Identifying Excessive Behavior
Licking is generally a normal canine behavior. However, excessive or compulsive licking can indicate underlying medical or behavioral problems. Anxiety, boredom, or even something spilled on the floor can trigger excessive licking. If your dog exhibits such behavior, consult a veterinarian to rule out any health concerns. While seeking professional advice is crucial, a simple check for unusual smells in your home can sometimes provide a quick solution.
Conclusion: Decoding the Nuances of Dog Licking
Dogs lick each other’s mouths for a variety of reasons, primarily to communicate and strengthen social bonds. This behavior, rooted in their wolf ancestry, also allows them to gather information about their packmates. While licking is generally normal, excessive licking warrants veterinary attention to address potential underlying issues. Understanding the nuances of dog licking provides valuable insights into their complex social world.
