Coming home to a happy, tail-wagging dog is one of life’s simple joys. And often, that enthusiastic greeting comes with a face full of licks. Many dog owners interpret these licks as doggy kisses, a clear sign of affection. But is that truly the only reason behind this common canine behavior? And when does enthusiastic licking cross the line into problem behavior? Let’s dive into the fascinating world of dog licking and explore the various reasons behind this action, and what you can do if your dog’s licking becomes excessive.
The Mystery of the Dog Lick: Affection or Ancient Instinct?
The meaning behind a dog’s lick is more complex than you might think. While we often see it as a sign of love, science suggests there’s a deeper, more primal root to this behavior. Believe it or not, that “kiss” might actually be linked to your dog’s ancestral past and survival instincts.
Dr. Alexandra Horowitz, a leading expert in canine cognition and head of the Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab at Barnard College, Columbia University, points to the behavior of wild canids like wolves and coyotes. “Researchers of wild canids… report that puppies lick the face and muzzle of their mother when she returns from a hunt… in order to get her to regurgitate for them,” she explains. This might sound less than affectionate to us, but for young pups, it was a crucial way to get food.
Could this food-seeking instinct be part of why your dog licks you? It’s possible. Dr. Mary Burch, a certified applied animal behaviorist, suggests another taste-related reason. Humans have slightly salty skin, especially after exercise. Those licks might be your dog seeking out that salty flavor rather than showering you with affection. Horowitz further adds that face licking often happens after we’ve eaten, implying dogs might be attracted to residual food smells and tastes.
However, it’s not all about food and salt. There’s compelling evidence that licking also serves as a genuine display of affection. Horowitz notes that while licking originated as a food-seeking behavior, it has evolved into a ritualized greeting for many domestic dogs. Just like some wild canids lick pack members to welcome them, your dog’s licks could simply be their way of saying, “I’m so happy you’re here!”
Dr. Burch agrees, stating, “Licking can be a sign of affection. It might also give a dog a feeling of security and comfort, just as the dog had when licked by its mother in the litter.” This suggests licking can be a comforting and bonding behavior rooted in early puppyhood experiences.
When Canine Licks Turn Problematic
While most dog licking is perfectly normal and even welcomed, there are times when it can become an issue. For some people, the sensation of dog licks is simply unpleasant. If you have guests who aren’t dog lovers, redirecting your dog’s licking behavior is a considerate move for everyone involved.
More importantly, excessive licking can sometimes signal deeper problems. If your dog is licking themselves, you, or objects constantly and intensely, to the point where it seems compulsive, it could be a red flag for underlying issues. This type of obsessive licking can be a symptom of anxiety, boredom, or even pain. Incessant self-licking, in particular, can also indicate allergies or other health concerns.
Another theory suggests licking can be a submissive behavior. “One theory is that licking is a sign of submission,” explains Burch. “The idea is that dogs who are submissive will lick a more dominant member of the pack.” While not necessarily problematic in itself, understanding this can provide further insight into your dog’s communication.
Managing and Redirecting Excessive Licking
If your dog’s licking is becoming a concern, either for your comfort or due to excessive behavior, there are steps you can take. The first crucial step, especially if the licking is sudden or excessive self-licking, is a visit to your veterinarian. Rule out any medical causes like allergies, skin issues, or pain that might be triggering the behavior.
Once medical issues are excluded, you can focus on behavioral solutions. “One idea is to redirect your dog,” Burch advises. “When they lick, switch up the activity.” The key is to interrupt the licking with a different, engaging behavior. Interactive puzzle toys filled with treats are excellent for this. They provide mental stimulation and occupy your dog’s attention in a positive way. Other effective redirection techniques include engaging in play, like fetch, or starting a trick training session.
Lick mats are also a fantastic tool to channel your dog’s licking instincts constructively. These mats are designed with textured surfaces that dogs enjoy licking. Smearing dog-safe peanut butter, plain yogurt, or even their meals on a lick mat can provide a satisfying and calming licking outlet.
Trick training is particularly beneficial. It not only redirects licking but also provides mental stimulation and strengthens your bond. Start with simple commands like “sit.” Often, the act of sitting itself can interrupt licking. Reward successful sits with treats and praise, reinforcing the desired behavior. From there, you can progress to more complex tricks like giving hugs, speaking on cue, or even learning fun routines for AKC Trick Dog titles.
Ultimately, ensuring your lick-happy dog receives sufficient attention and exercise is vital. Excess energy and boredom can contribute to unwanted behaviors like excessive licking. A combination of physical activity, mental enrichment, and positive reinforcement training can help manage and redirect licking, ensuring it remains a happy expression of affection rather than a source of frustration.
Does your dog need extra training help? The AKC GoodDog! Helpline offers personalized advice from professional trainers via phone, assisting with everything from basic training to addressing behavioral challenges. Consider reaching out for expert guidance to further enhance your understanding and management of your dog’s licking behavior and overall well-being.
