Eye discharge, often called “eye boogers,” is a common occurrence in dogs. While a small amount of clear or slightly reddish-brown discharge can be normal, changes in color, consistency, or accompanying symptoms can indicate underlying health issues. Understanding the different types of eye discharge and their potential causes can help you determine when a vet visit is necessary.
Understanding Dog Eye Discharge
Tears are essential for maintaining eye health, providing lubrication, oxygen, and nourishment to the cornea while removing debris. Tears typically drain through ducts located in the inner corner of each eye. Sometimes, dried tears, oil, mucus, dead cells, and dust accumulate, forming eye boogers. This is often normal, especially upon waking. However, excessive or abnormal discharge warrants further investigation.
Normal Eye Discharge
A small amount of clear or slightly reddish-brown crusty discharge, particularly in the morning, is generally considered normal. This discharge should be easily removed with a warm, damp cloth. Your dog should not exhibit signs of discomfort like redness, rubbing, squinting, blinking excessively, or sensitivity to light.
Abnormal Eye Discharge: When to Worry
Changes in the amount, color, or consistency of eye discharge can signal a problem. Here are some common types of abnormal eye discharge:
1. Watery Eyes (Epiphora): Excessive tearing can be caused by irritants like dust or pollen, foreign objects in the eye, allergies, anatomical abnormalities, blocked tear ducts, corneal wounds, or glaucoma. If watering persists or is accompanied by redness or pain, consult your veterinarian. A simple irritant may resolve on its own, but underlying conditions require professional diagnosis and treatment.
2. Reddish-Brown Tear Stains: Common in light-colored dogs, these stains result from porphyrin, a pigment in tears, oxidizing in the air. While typically a cosmetic issue, increased staining, changes in appearance, or accompanying redness and pain should be checked by a veterinarian. Regular cleaning with a dog-specific eye solution can help manage tear stains.
3. White-Gray Mucus: This type of discharge often indicates dry eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca or KCS), a condition where the immune system attacks tear-producing glands. Reduced tear production leads to increased mucus production as the body attempts to lubricate the eyes. KCS can cause significant discomfort, corneal ulcers, and even blindness if left untreated. Veterinary intervention is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, which may involve medications like cyclosporine or tacrolimus.
4. Yellow or Green Eye Discharge: This usually signifies an eye infection, often accompanied by redness and discomfort. Infections can be primary or secondary to other eye conditions. Sometimes, they can indicate systemic illness. Prompt veterinary attention is vital to address the infection and any underlying causes.
When to See a Veterinarian
Any significant change in your dog’s eye discharge warrants a veterinary examination. Seek immediate attention for yellow or green discharge, eye pain, redness, squinting, excessive blinking, or if your dog seems bothered by their eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing potential complications and ensuring your dog’s eye health. Don’t hesitate to contact your veterinarian if you have any concerns about your dog’s eyes.
