Just like humans, sneezing is a common reflex in cats. An occasional cat sneeze is usually nothing to be concerned about. It’s a natural bodily function, an explosive expulsion of air from the nose and mouth, designed to clear irritants from their nasal passages. Sometimes, even excitement or a burst of activity can trigger a sneeze in our feline friends.
However, persistent sneezing in cats, or when accompanied by other symptoms, warrants closer attention. It could indicate an underlying health issue that requires veterinary care. Understanding the reasons behind cat sneezing can help you determine when it’s a normal occurrence and when it’s time to consult with your veterinarian.
Common Causes of Cat Sneezing
If your cat is sneezing frequently, your veterinarian will consider various potential causes based on your cat’s overall symptoms. Infection is often the primary suspect. To pinpoint the exact cause, vets might take samples from your cat’s mouth, throat, eyes, or nose to be analyzed in a laboratory, confirming the presence of an infection. Besides infections, inhaled irritants and allergens are also frequent culprits behind sneezing in cats.
Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)
A very common reason for cats sneezing is an upper respiratory infection, often referred to as a feline URI or “cat cold.” Similar to human colds, these infections are particularly prevalent in younger cats, especially those from shelters or multi-cat environments. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing many of these infections.
Viral infections are major contributors to sneezing in cats:
- Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1): Feline herpes is contracted through contact with infected cats. Stressful situations can trigger flare-ups in carrier cats and facilitate transmission. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Importantly, feline herpesvirus is not contagious to humans.
- Feline Calicivirus (FCV): This virus is highly contagious among cats. While mouth ulcers are a hallmark symptom, FCV can also affect the respiratory system and, in severe cases, lead to pneumonia.
These viral infections can weaken a cat’s respiratory system, making them more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections. For instance, a cat with herpesvirus might develop a subsequent bacterial infection, which is often treatable with antibiotics prescribed by your veterinarian.
Beyond the common viral culprits, other infections can also induce sneezing in cats:
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): FIP can present with a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, or even be asymptomatic initially.
- Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): FIV slowly weakens the cat’s immune system, making them vulnerable to various secondary infections.
- Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV): Feline leukemia is a serious viral infection that can be life-threatening for cats.
- Chlamydia: Often causes conjunctivitis (eye infection) along with respiratory symptoms.
- Bordetella bronchiseptica: A bacterial infection that can cause respiratory issues.
- Mycoplasma: Another type of bacteria that can lead to respiratory infections in cats.
It’s crucial to consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment if you suspect your cat has any of these infections.
When is Cat Sneezing a Cause for Concern?
While occasional sneezing is normal, you should monitor your cat and consult your veterinarian if you observe any of the following alongside sneezing:
- Persistent sneezing: Sneezing that continues for more than a day or two.
- Nasal discharge: Discharge from the nose, especially if it’s colored (yellow, green), or bloody.
- Eye discharge: Discharge, redness, or excessive tearing from the eyes.
- Coughing or wheezing: Signs of lower respiratory tract involvement.
- Lethargy or decreased energy levels: Acting unusually tired or withdrawn.
- Loss of appetite: Refusing food or eating significantly less.
- Fever: Elevated body temperature (though difficult to assess at home, general malaise can be an indicator).
- Difficulty breathing: Labored breathing or rapid breathing.
These accompanying symptoms can indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires veterinary intervention.
Conclusion
Occasional sneezing in cats is a normal reflex to clear their airways. However, frequent or persistent sneezing, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms like discharge, lethargy, or loss of appetite, should prompt a visit to your veterinarian. Early diagnosis and treatment can help ensure your feline companion stays healthy and breathes easy.
