Earwigs, often misunderstood and sometimes feared, are insects that carry a name steeped in folklore and misconception. Despite their somewhat unsettling moniker, these creatures are generally harmless and certainly not the brain-burrowing monsters of myth. The question “Why Are Earwigs Called Earwigs?” is a fascinating one, leading us down a path of linguistic history and entomological reality. Let’s delve into the true story behind their name and separate fact from fiction about these common garden dwellers.
The Old English Origins of “Earwig”
The name “earwig” has surprisingly ancient roots, tracing back to Old English. It originates from the words “ēare” (ear) and “wicga” (beetle or insect), combining to form “ēarwicga.” This roughly translates to “ear wiggler” or “ear creature.” This etymology is the very foundation of the enduring myth that earwigs are prone to crawling into human ears. This historical naming convention, while descriptive of the myth, is not indicative of actual earwig behavior.
Debunking the Ear Myth: Earwigs and Human Ears
Despite their name and the persistent folklore, earwigs are not particularly interested in human ears, nor are they known for making a habit of crawling into them. While isolated incidents of insects, including earwigs, being found in human ears have been recorded, these are rare occurrences, not a typical behavior of earwigs. The terrifying notion that earwigs tunnel into the brain to lay eggs is entirely unfounded. Earwigs are simply not equipped or inclined to undertake such a gruesome act. They much prefer dark, damp environments like leaf litter and mulch to the inside of a human ear.
Understanding Earwig Behavior and Habitat
To further dispel the myths, it’s helpful to understand the actual behavior and habitat of earwigs. These insects, typically brownish-black and about three-quarters of an inch long as adults, are nocturnal scavengers. Males are identifiable by their curved forceps (pincers) at the rear, while females have straighter forceps. Although they possess delicate, fan-like hind wings, earwigs are not strong fliers, preferring to scuttle and hide.
During the day, earwigs seek shelter in dark, moist places. Outdoors, this includes under leaves, in garden debris, beneath stones, in mulch, under loose bark, and in cracks in tree trunks. Indoors, they may be found in similar secluded spots, often leading to them being mistaken for cockroaches by homeowners unfamiliar with earwigs.
Earwigs play a role in the ecosystem as scavengers, feeding on decaying organic matter. Their diet also includes plants, flowers, fruits, moss, and other insects, both living and dead, such as caterpillars and insect eggs. Earwig eggs, small and pearly white, are laid in batches in underground nests during the cooler months, far from any human ears.
Are Earwigs Pests?
While there are around 22 species of earwigs in the United States, only a few are considered household pests. These species may occasionally venture indoors in search of shelter, particularly if disturbed in their outdoor habitats. However, their presence is usually accidental and they do not pose a significant threat to homes or humans. They are more of a nuisance than a dangerous pest.
Conclusion: Reclaiming the Earwig’s Reputation
In conclusion, the name “earwig” is a relic of old folklore, a linguistic echo of an unfounded fear. While the question “why are earwigs called earwigs?” leads us to the “ear wiggler” myth, the reality is that these insects are not ear-seeking brain invaders. They are common, mostly harmless scavengers that play a part in our gardens and ecosystems. Understanding their true nature allows us to appreciate earwigs for what they are, rather than fearing them for what they are not. The next time you encounter an earwig, remember the fascinating, if misleading, story behind its name, and rest assured that your ears are likely the last place it wants to be.
