Thickening toenails are a common concern, especially as we get older. You might notice your nails becoming harder to cut, discolored, or generally more prominent. But what’s the reason behind this change? And more importantly, what can you do about it? Let’s delve into the causes of thick toenails and explore practical steps to maintain healthy feet.
The primary component of our nails is keratin, a protein produced at the nail root. As we age, our body’s natural processes shift, including the rate at which these nail cells regenerate. One significant factor is reduced blood circulation, particularly in our extremities like hands and feet. With age, blood vessels can narrow and stiffen, making it harder for blood to flow efficiently. This diminished circulation affects the nail root, leading to a buildup of nail cells. This accumulation is the key reason nails thicken, a process sometimes referred to as onychocytes buildup.
While aging is the most prevalent reason for toenail thickening, several other factors can contribute to this condition:
- Nail Trauma: Repeated minor injuries to the nail bed, from stubbing your toe to the wear and tear of daily activities, can impact nail growth over time.
- Diabetes: Diabetes often leads to poor blood circulation and peripheral neuropathy, both of which can contribute to nail issues, including thickening.
- Cardiovascular Conditions: Peripheral heart disease and high blood pressure can impair blood flow, affecting nail health.
- Systemic Diseases: Certain systemic conditions like arthritis, cancer, and psoriasis can manifest in nail changes, including thickening.
- Osteoporosis: This bone-weakening disease can also influence nail structure and thickness.
- Fungal Nail Infections: Onychomycosis, or fungal nail infections, are a very common cause of thickened, discolored, and brittle toenails.
Reduced circulation due to aging also weakens the body’s defense against infections. Fewer antibodies and red blood cells reach the extremities, making older individuals more susceptible to infections, including fungal nail infections that further exacerbate nail thickening.
Interestingly, studies suggest that men are more prone to experiencing thickened toenails compared to women. While the exact reasons for this are still being researched, it highlights the importance of awareness and proactive foot care for everyone, especially as we age.
How to Minimize Toenail Thickening
While we can’t stop the aging process, we can take steps to manage and minimize the discomfort and appearance of thickened toenails. Here are some helpful strategies:
- Regular Filing: Gently filing your toenails at home can significantly reduce thickness. This also improves appearance by removing the often-discolored outer layers of the nail.
- Professional Podiatry Care: If you find nail care challenging or your nails are excessively thick and difficult to manage, a podiatrist can help. They use specialized tools like a burr (a safe mechanical grinder) to painlessly and effectively thin toenails. This is often a quicker and more comfortable solution than traditional nail clippers for thick nails.
- Preventative Measures: Reducing the risk of fungal nail infections is crucial. Avoid nail polish when possible, refrain from walking barefoot in public communal areas, and ensure you wear well-fitting shoes to prevent nail trauma and create a less favorable environment for fungal growth.
The Importance of Foot Care in Aging
Our feet are irreplaceable foundations for our mobility and overall well-being. Unlike some other body parts, we can’t simply replace them, making proactive foot care essential as we age. Healthy feet contribute significantly to maintaining an active lifestyle, reducing the risk of falls, and preventing discomfort associated with conditions like thickened toenails. Taking care of your feet is an investment in your long-term health and quality of life.
