Why Does My Sternum Hurt? Understanding Causes And Relief

Are you experiencing discomfort and asking, Why Does My Sternum Hurt? At why.edu.vn, we’re here to illuminate the potential reasons behind your sternal pain and guide you toward effective solutions. This comprehensive guide explores the common and less common causes of sternum pain, offering insights into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention so you can reclaim your comfort and well-being while providing information, offering reliable insights and expert perspectives to address the complexities surrounding sternum pain.

1. What Is The Most Common Reason Why My Sternum Hurts?

The most common reason why your sternum hurts is costochondritis, an inflammation of the cartilage connecting your ribs to your sternum. This condition often causes sharp, localized pain that can be triggered by physical activity or even deep breathing, so it’s crucial to understand its causes, symptoms, and available treatments.

1.1 Understanding Costochondritis: A Primary Culprit

Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain, is characterized by inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum (breastbone). It’s a relatively common condition that can affect people of all ages, although it’s more frequently seen in adults over 40 and adolescents. The pain associated with costochondritis can range from mild tenderness to severe, sharp aches that can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack. Understanding the nuances of this condition is the first step toward effective management.

1.2 Causes and Risk Factors of Costochondritis

While the exact cause of costochondritis is often unknown, several factors can contribute to its development.

• Injury: Trauma to the chest wall, such as from a fall or direct impact, can inflame the cartilage.
• Physical Strain: Repetitive or strenuous activities, like heavy lifting or intense exercise, can put excessive stress on the rib cage.
• Infections: Viral or bacterial infections, particularly respiratory infections, can sometimes lead to inflammation of the costal cartilage.
• Arthritis: Certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, can cause inflammation in the joints of the rib cage.
• Tumors: Although rare, tumors in the chest area can press on the rib cage and cause costochondritis.

1.3 Symptoms and Diagnosis of Costochondritis

The primary symptom of costochondritis is pain in the chest, specifically around the sternum. This pain may:

• Be sharp, aching, or pressure-like.
• Radiate to the back or abdomen.
• Worsen with movement, deep breathing, or coughing.
• Be localized to one or more ribs.
• Be reproducible by pressing on the affected cartilage.

Diagnosing costochondritis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. During the examination, the doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any recent injuries or activities that may have contributed to the pain. They will also palpate (press on) the chest wall to identify areas of tenderness.

Usually, no specific tests are required to diagnose costochondritis. However, the doctor may order an X-ray or other imaging tests to rule out other potential causes of chest pain, such as heart or lung problems.

1.4 Treatment and Management Strategies for Costochondritis

The goal of treatment for costochondritis is to relieve pain and inflammation and allow the cartilage to heal. Treatment options may include:

• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain medications.
• Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain is essential for allowing the cartilage to heal.
• Heat or Ice: Applying heat or ice packs to the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Stretching: Gentle stretching exercises can help improve flexibility and reduce stiffness in the chest wall.
• Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to improve posture, strengthen the muscles around the rib cage, and reduce pain.
• Injections: In some cases, a doctor may inject a local anesthetic or corticosteroid into the affected cartilage to relieve pain and inflammation.

1.5 Preventing Costochondritis Recurrence

Preventing costochondritis recurrence involves addressing the underlying causes and adopting strategies to minimize stress on the rib cage. These strategies include:

• Proper Posture: Maintaining good posture can help reduce strain on the chest wall.
• Ergonomics: Ensure your workspace is set up ergonomically to avoid repetitive strain injuries.
• Safe Lifting Techniques: Use proper lifting techniques to avoid straining your chest and back muscles.
• Gradual Exercise: Gradually increase the intensity of your workouts to avoid overstressing your rib cage.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking can impair healing and increase the risk of inflammation.

Image illustrating the typical location of pain associated with costochondritis, a common cause of sternum discomfort.

2. Are Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries a Reason For My Sternum Pain?

Yes, sternoclavicular joint injuries can be a reason for sternum pain, as this joint connects the collarbone to the sternum. Injuries here, often from trauma or overuse, can lead to inflammation, pain, and limited mobility.

2.1 Exploring Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries

The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the sternum (breastbone). This joint is essential for upper body movement and stability. Injuries to this joint can cause significant pain and discomfort.

2.2 Causes and Risk Factors of Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries

• Trauma: Direct impact to the collarbone or shoulder, such as from a car accident, fall, or sports injury, is a common cause.
• Sports Injuries: Contact sports like football and hockey have a higher risk of SC joint injuries.
• Overuse: Repetitive arm movements, especially overhead activities, can strain the joint.
• Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can lead to the breakdown of cartilage in the SC joint, causing pain and stiffness.
• Infection: Though rare, infections can affect the SC joint, causing inflammation and pain.

2.3 Symptoms and Diagnosis of Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries

The symptoms of an SC joint injury can vary depending on the severity of the injury. Common symptoms include:

• Pain: Pain at the front of the chest where the collarbone meets the sternum.
• Swelling: Visible swelling or a bump over the SC joint.
• Tenderness: Pain when touching the SC joint.
• Limited Movement: Difficulty moving the arm or shoulder without pain.
• Clicking or Popping: A clicking or popping sensation in the joint with movement.
• Deformity: In severe cases, the collarbone may be visibly displaced.

Diagnosing an SC joint injury typically involves a physical examination. Your doctor will assess your symptoms, examine the joint for swelling or tenderness, and evaluate your range of motion. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

2.4 Treatment and Management Strategies for Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries

The treatment for an SC joint injury depends on the severity and type of injury. Options include:

• Non-Surgical Treatment:

  • Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain.
  • Ice: Applying ice packs to the joint for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain.
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen the muscles around the joint.
  • Immobilization: A sling may be used to immobilize the arm and shoulder, allowing the joint to heal.

• Surgical Treatment:

  • Surgery may be necessary for severe dislocations or chronic instability of the SC joint. Surgical options include:
    • Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: Realigning the joint and using hardware like plates or screws to hold it in place.
    • Ligament Reconstruction: Replacing or repairing damaged ligaments to stabilize the joint.

2.5 Rehabilitation and Recovery

Rehabilitation is crucial after an SC joint injury, whether treated surgically or non-surgically. Physical therapy helps restore range of motion, strength, and stability to the shoulder and arm. Rehabilitation may include:

• Range of Motion Exercises: Gentle movements to improve joint flexibility.
• Strengthening Exercises: Exercises to build strength in the muscles around the shoulder and chest.
• Proprioceptive Exercises: Exercises to improve balance and coordination.

Diagram illustrating the sternoclavicular joint, which connects the clavicle to the sternum, and how injuries to this area can cause sternum pain.

3. Can A Collarbone Injury Cause My Sternum Pain?

Yes, a collarbone injury can cause sternum pain because the collarbone (clavicle) connects to the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint. An injury to the collarbone, especially near this joint, can radiate pain to the sternum.

3.1 The Link Between Collarbone Injuries and Sternum Pain

The collarbone, or clavicle, is a long, slender bone that connects the shoulder to the sternum. It plays a crucial role in upper body movement and stability. When the collarbone is injured, it can lead to pain that is felt not only in the immediate area but also in the sternum.

3.2 Common Causes of Collarbone Injuries

• Falls: Falling onto an outstretched arm or directly onto the shoulder is a common cause of collarbone fractures.
• Sports Injuries: Contact sports such as football, hockey, and cycling often result in collarbone injuries due to direct impact.
• Car Accidents: The force of a car accident can cause the collarbone to break or dislocate.
• Birth Injuries: Newborns can sometimes sustain a collarbone fracture during the birthing process.

3.3 Symptoms of a Collarbone Injury

• Pain: Immediate and severe pain in the area of the collarbone.
• Swelling: Swelling and bruising around the collarbone.
• Tenderness: Tenderness to the touch along the collarbone.
• Deformity: A visible bump or deformity in the collarbone area.
• Limited Movement: Difficulty moving the arm or shoulder due to pain.
• Grinding Sensation: A grinding sensation when attempting to move the arm.

3.4 Diagnostic Methods for Collarbone Injuries

Diagnosing a collarbone injury typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests.

• Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the area for visible signs of injury, such as swelling, bruising, and deformity. They will also assess the range of motion and stability of the shoulder.
• X-rays: X-rays are the primary imaging tool used to diagnose collarbone fractures. They can reveal the location and severity of the fracture.
• CT Scan: In some cases, a CT scan may be necessary to provide a more detailed view of the collarbone and surrounding structures.

3.5 Treatment Options for Collarbone Injuries

The treatment for a collarbone injury depends on the severity and type of injury.

• Non-Surgical Treatment:

  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain.
  • Immobilization: A sling is typically used to immobilize the arm and shoulder, allowing the collarbone to heal.
  • Physical Therapy: Once the initial healing has occurred, physical therapy can help restore range of motion, strength, and function.

• Surgical Treatment:

  • Surgery may be necessary for severe fractures, open fractures, or fractures that are significantly displaced. Surgical options include:
    • Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Involves realigning the fractured bone fragments and using hardware such as plates and screws to hold them in place.
    • Bone Grafting: In some cases, a bone graft may be necessary to promote healing.

3.6 Rehabilitation and Recovery After a Collarbone Injury

Rehabilitation is a crucial part of recovery after a collarbone injury. Physical therapy can help restore range of motion, strength, and function. Rehabilitation may include:

• Range of Motion Exercises: Gentle exercises to improve joint flexibility.
• Strengthening Exercises: Exercises to build strength in the muscles around the shoulder and chest.
• Functional Exercises: Exercises to help you return to your normal activities.

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Image showing a clavicle fracture and how it can cause pain that radiates to the sternum due to their close connection.

4. How Do Sternal Injuries And Fractures Affect My Sternum?

Sternal injuries and fractures, often resulting from blunt trauma, directly affect the sternum, causing intense pain, difficulty breathing, and potential complications. Prompt medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

4.1 Understanding Sternal Injuries and Fractures

The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs. Sternal injuries and fractures can occur due to various causes, leading to significant pain and potential complications.

4.2 Common Causes of Sternal Injuries and Fractures

• Blunt Trauma: Direct impact to the chest, such as from a car accident, fall, or assault, is the most common cause.
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Although CPR is life-saving, it can sometimes cause sternal fractures due to the force applied to the chest.
• High-Impact Sports: Contact sports such as football and hockey can result in sternal injuries.

4.3 Symptoms of Sternal Injuries and Fractures

• Severe Chest Pain: Intense pain in the center of the chest, often worsening with breathing or movement.
• Tenderness: Tenderness to the touch over the sternum.
• Swelling and Bruising: Swelling and bruising around the sternum.
• Difficulty Breathing: Pain and instability can make breathing difficult.
• Crepitus: A grating or crackling sensation when touching or moving the chest.
• Deformity: In severe cases, a visible deformity of the sternum.

4.4 Diagnostic Methods for Sternal Injuries and Fractures

Diagnosing sternal injuries and fractures typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests.

• Physical Examination: A doctor will assess the chest for signs of injury, such as swelling, bruising, and deformity. They will also evaluate breathing and circulation.
• X-rays: X-rays are the primary imaging tool used to diagnose sternal fractures. They can reveal the location and severity of the fracture.
• CT Scan: A CT scan may be necessary to provide a more detailed view of the sternum and surrounding structures, especially if there are concerns about associated injuries.

4.5 Treatment Options for Sternal Injuries and Fractures

The treatment for sternal injuries and fractures depends on the severity and type of injury.

• Non-Surgical Treatment:

  • Pain Management: Pain relievers such as opioids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain.
  • Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain is essential for healing.
  • Respiratory Support: In severe cases, supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support breathing.

• Surgical Treatment:

  • Surgery may be necessary for severe fractures, displaced fractures, or fractures associated with other injuries. Surgical options include:
    • Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Involves realigning the fractured bone fragments and using hardware such as plates and screws to hold them in place.
    • Sternal Reconstruction: In cases of severe sternal damage, reconstruction may be necessary to restore stability to the chest wall.

4.6 Rehabilitation and Recovery After a Sternal Injury

Rehabilitation is a crucial part of recovery after a sternal injury. Physical therapy can help restore range of motion, strength, and function. Rehabilitation may include:

• Breathing Exercises: Exercises to improve lung function and reduce the risk of pneumonia.
• Range of Motion Exercises: Gentle exercises to improve joint flexibility.
• Strengthening Exercises: Exercises to build strength in the muscles around the chest and shoulder.

Image showing a sternal fracture resulting from blunt trauma, directly impacting the sternum and causing significant pain.

5. Can Inflammatory Conditions Cause My Sternum Pain?

Yes, inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and fibromyalgia can cause sternum pain, though it’s less common than other causes. These conditions can inflame the bones, muscles, and joints around the sternum, leading to discomfort.

5.1 Understanding Inflammatory Conditions and Their Impact on Sternum Pain

Inflammatory conditions can affect various parts of the body, including the bones, muscles, and joints around the sternum. These conditions can lead to chronic pain and discomfort, impacting daily life.

5.2 Osteoarthritis

• Definition: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in a joint gradually deteriorates.
• Impact on Sternum Pain: Osteoarthritis can affect the joints where the ribs connect to the sternum (costosternal joints), leading to inflammation and pain.
• Symptoms:
  • Pain in the chest area, particularly around the sternum.
  • Stiffness in the chest, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
  • Tenderness to the touch over the affected joints.
  • Reduced range of motion in the upper body.

5.3 Osteomyelitis

• Definition: Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone, usually caused by bacteria.
• Impact on Sternum Pain: While rare, osteomyelitis can affect the sternum, causing severe pain and inflammation.
• Symptoms:
  • Intense pain in the sternum.
  • Redness, warmth, and swelling over the sternum.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Fatigue and general malaise.

5.4 Fibromyalgia

• Definition: Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood issues.
• Impact on Sternum Pain: Fibromyalgia can cause pain in various areas, including the chest and sternum. The pain is often described as a deep, aching pain that may be accompanied by tenderness to the touch.
• Symptoms:
  • Widespread pain, including sternum pain.
  • Tenderness to the touch in specific areas (tender points).
  • Fatigue and sleep disturbances.
  • Cognitive difficulties (fibro fog).
  • Mood issues, such as anxiety and depression.

5.5 Diagnosis of Inflammatory Conditions Causing Sternum Pain

Diagnosing inflammatory conditions causing sternum pain involves a comprehensive approach, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

• Medical History and Physical Examination:
  • The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any other relevant information.
  • A physical examination will assess the range of motion, tenderness, and other physical signs.
• Diagnostic Tests:
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests can help detect signs of inflammation and infection, such as elevated white blood cell counts or inflammatory markers.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to visualize the bones and joints and rule out other conditions.
  • Bone Scan: A bone scan can help detect areas of increased bone activity, which may indicate infection or inflammation.

5.6 Treatment and Management Strategies

Treatment for inflammatory conditions causing sternum pain focuses on managing pain, reducing inflammation, and improving quality of life.

• Medications:
  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage mild to moderate pain.
  • NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce inflammation and pain.
  • Muscle Relaxants: Muscle relaxants may help relieve muscle spasms and tension.
  • Antidepressants: Certain antidepressants can help manage pain and improve mood in individuals with fibromyalgia.
  • Antibiotics: If osteomyelitis is suspected, antibiotics will be prescribed to fight the infection.
• Physical Therapy:
  • Physical therapy can help improve range of motion, strength, and function.
  • Therapeutic exercises, stretching, and manual therapy techniques may be used.
• Lifestyle Modifications:
  • Rest: Getting enough rest is essential for managing pain and fatigue.
  • Exercise: Regular exercise can help improve muscle strength, flexibility, and overall fitness.
  • Stress Management: Stress reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can help manage pain and improve mood.
• Injections:
  • In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected joints.

Illustration of osteomyelitis affecting the bone, which, although rare, can cause sternum pain if it occurs in the sternal region.

6. Does Intercostal Nerve Inflammation Contribute To My Sternum Pain?

Yes, intercostal nerve inflammation can contribute to sternum pain. Intercostal nerves run between the ribs, and inflammation or irritation of these nerves can cause pain that radiates to the sternum.

6.1 Understanding Intercostal Nerve Inflammation

Intercostal nerves are located between the ribs and provide sensation to the chest wall and upper abdomen. Inflammation or irritation of these nerves can cause a condition known as intercostal neuralgia, which can result in pain that radiates to the sternum.

6.2 Common Causes of Intercostal Nerve Inflammation

• Injury: Trauma to the chest wall, such as from a fall or direct impact, can damage or irritate the intercostal nerves.
• Surgery: Thoracic surgery or other procedures involving the chest can sometimes lead to intercostal nerve damage.
• Viral Infections: Viral infections such as shingles can cause inflammation of the intercostal nerves.
• Nerve Compression: Compression of the intercostal nerves due to poor posture, tight clothing, or underlying medical conditions can cause inflammation.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as arthritis or costochondritis can cause inflammation in the chest wall, leading to intercostal nerve irritation.

6.3 Symptoms of Intercostal Nerve Inflammation

• Pain: Sharp, stabbing, or burning pain along the ribs, which may radiate to the sternum.
• Tenderness: Tenderness to the touch along the ribs or sternum.
• Numbness or Tingling: Numbness or tingling in the chest wall.
• Increased Pain with Movement: Pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or twisting.
• Muscle Spasms: Muscle spasms in the chest wall.

6.4 Diagnostic Methods for Intercostal Nerve Inflammation

Diagnosing intercostal nerve inflammation involves a comprehensive approach, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

• Medical History and Physical Examination:
  • The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any other relevant information.
  • A physical examination will assess the chest wall for tenderness, range of motion, and other physical signs.
• Diagnostic Tests:
  • Nerve Conduction Studies: Nerve conduction studies can help assess the function of the intercostal nerves.
  • EMG: Electromyography (EMG) can evaluate the electrical activity of the muscles in the chest wall.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to rule out other conditions and visualize the structures in the chest wall.

6.5 Treatment and Management Strategies

Treatment for intercostal nerve inflammation focuses on managing pain, reducing inflammation, and improving quality of life.

• Medications:
  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage mild to moderate pain.
  • NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce inflammation and pain.
  • Nerve Pain Medications: Medications such as gabapentin or pregabalin can help manage nerve pain.
  • Muscle Relaxants: Muscle relaxants may help relieve muscle spasms and tension.
• Physical Therapy:
  • Physical therapy can help improve range of motion, strength, and function.
  • Therapeutic exercises, stretching, and manual therapy techniques may be used.
• Injections:
  • In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected nerves.
  • Nerve blocks may also be used to provide temporary pain relief.
• Alternative Therapies:
  • Acupuncture, massage therapy, and other alternative therapies may help manage pain and improve quality of life.

Illustration showing the intercostal nerves and how inflammation of these nerves can result in pain that radiates to the sternum.

7. Could A Rib Joint Infection Be Causing My Sternum Pain?

Yes, a rib joint infection could be causing your sternum pain, although this is a rare condition. Infections in the sternocostal joints can lead to inflammation and pain in the sternum area.

7.1 Understanding Rib Joint Infections

Rib joint infections, also known as sternocostal joint infections, are rare conditions that occur when bacteria infect the joints where the ribs connect to the sternum. These infections can lead to significant pain and inflammation.

7.2 Common Causes of Rib Joint Infections

• Bacterial Infections: The most common cause of rib joint infections is bacterial infections, particularly Staphylococcus aureus (staph).
• Intravenous Drug Use: Intravenous drug users are at a higher risk of developing rib joint infections due to the introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream.
• Diabetes: People with diabetes are more susceptible to infections, including rib joint infections.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis are at an increased risk of developing rib joint infections due to weakened immune systems.
• Compromised Immune System: People with compromised immune systems due to HIV, cancer, or other conditions are more vulnerable to infections.

7.3 Symptoms of Rib Joint Infections

• Pain: Severe pain in the chest area, particularly around the sternum.
• Swelling: Swelling and redness over the affected joint.
• Warmth: Warmth to the touch over the infected area.
• Fever: Fever and chills.
• Fatigue: Fatigue and general malaise.
• Difficulty Breathing: Difficulty breathing due to pain and inflammation.

7.4 Diagnostic Methods for Rib Joint Infections

Diagnosing rib joint infections involves a comprehensive approach, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

• Medical History and Physical Examination:
  • The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any other relevant information.
  • A physical examination will assess the chest wall for tenderness, swelling, and other physical signs.
• Diagnostic Tests:
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests can help detect signs of infection, such as elevated white blood cell counts or inflammatory markers.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to visualize the bones and joints and rule out other conditions.
  • Joint Aspiration: Joint aspiration involves removing fluid from the affected joint for analysis. The fluid can be tested for bacteria and other signs of infection.
  • Bone Scan: A bone scan can help detect areas of increased bone activity, which may indicate infection.

7.5 Treatment and Management Strategies

Treatment for rib joint infections typically involves a combination of antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery.

• Antibiotics:
  • Intravenous antibiotics are the primary treatment for rib joint infections. The specific antibiotic used will depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection.
  • Antibiotics are typically administered for several weeks to ensure that the infection is eradicated.
• Surgery:
  • In some cases, surgery may be necessary to drain the infected joint and remove any damaged tissue.
  • Surgery may also be required to stabilize the joint if it has been weakened by the infection.
• Pain Management:
  • Pain relievers such as opioids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain during treatment.
• Supportive Care:
  • Rest, hydration, and proper nutrition are essential for supporting the body’s immune system and promoting healing.

Illustration of the sternocostal joints, highlighting how infections in these joints can lead to sternum pain.

8. Are Gastrointestinal Issues Causing My Sternum Discomfort?

Yes, gastrointestinal issues such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or a hiatal hernia can cause sternum discomfort. These conditions can lead to pain that feels like it’s originating from the sternum area.

8.1 Understanding Gastrointestinal Causes of Sternum Pain

Gastrointestinal (GI) issues can sometimes manifest as chest pain, specifically around the sternum. Conditions like GERD and hiatal hernias can cause discomfort that is often mistaken for cardiac problems.

8.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

• Definition: GERD is a chronic digestive disease that occurs when stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, irritating the lining.
• Impact on Sternum Pain: The backflow of stomach acid can cause a burning sensation in the chest, often referred to as heartburn, which can be felt in the sternum area.
• Symptoms:
  • Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often after eating.
  • Regurgitation: The sensation of stomach acid or food backing up into the throat or mouth.
  • Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
  • Chronic Cough: Persistent coughing, especially at night.
  • Sore Throat: A persistent sore throat or hoarseness.

8.3 Hiatal Hernia

• Definition: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity.
• Impact on Sternum Pain: A hiatal hernia can cause chest pain and discomfort, particularly if it is large or associated with GERD.
• Symptoms:
  • Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest.
  • Regurgitation: The sensation of food or stomach acid backing up into the throat or mouth.
  • Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, often felt in the sternum area.
  • Difficulty Swallowing: Trouble swallowing food or liquids.
  • Feeling Full Quickly: Feeling full soon after starting to eat.

8.4 Diagnostic Methods for Gastrointestinal Issues Causing Sternum Pain

Diagnosing gastrointestinal issues that cause sternum pain involves a comprehensive approach, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

• Medical History and Physical Examination:
  • The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any other relevant information.
  • A physical examination will assess your overall health and look for signs of gastrointestinal distress.
• Diagnostic Tests:
  • Upper Endoscopy: A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to visualize the lining and detect abnormalities.
  • Esophageal pH Monitoring: A test that measures the amount of acid in the esophagus over a period of time.
  • Esophageal Manometry: A test that measures the pressure and coordination of the esophagus muscles.
  • Barium Swallow: An X-ray test that uses a contrast dye to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

8.5 Treatment and Management Strategies

Treatment for gastrointestinal issues causing sternum pain focuses on managing symptoms, reducing acid reflux, and improving overall digestive health.

• Lifestyle Modifications:
  • Dietary Changes: Avoiding trigger foods such as caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, spicy foods, and fatty foods.
  • Eating Smaller Meals: Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce pressure on the stomach.
  • Avoiding Eating Before Bed: Not eating at least 2-3 hours before lying down.
  • Elevating the Head of the Bed: Raising the head of the bed by 6-8 inches can help prevent acid reflux.
  • Weight Loss: Losing weight if overweight or obese can help reduce pressure on the stomach.
  • Avoiding Tight Clothing: Wearing loose-fitting clothing can help reduce pressure on the abdomen.
• Medications:
  • Antacids: Over-the-counter antacids can provide temporary relief from heartburn.
  • H2 Blockers: Medications that reduce the production of stomach acid.
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that block the production of stomach acid.
  • Prokinetics: Medications that help speed up the emptying of the stomach.
• Surgery:
  • In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair a hiatal hernia or strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.

Diagram illustrating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and how it can cause pain that feels like it’s coming from the sternum.

9. Could Tumors Or Cancers Be Responsible For My Sternum Pain?

Yes, tumors and cancers, though rare, can be responsible for sternum pain. Tumors forming on the sternum or cancers spreading to the bone can cause pain, swelling, and other related symptoms.

9.1 Understanding Tumors and Cancers as Causes of Sternum Pain

Tumors and cancers that affect the sternum are relatively rare but can cause significant pain and discomfort. These conditions can originate in the sternum itself or spread from other parts of the body.

9.2 Primary Tumors of the Sternum

• Definition: Primary tumors of the sternum are those that originate in the bone or surrounding tissues of the sternum.
• Types:
  • Chondrosarcoma: A type of cancer that develops in cartilage cells.
  • Osteosarcoma: A type of cancer that develops in bone cells.
  • Ewing’s Sarcoma: A type of cancer that can occur in bone or soft tissue.
• Symptoms:
  • Pain in the chest area, particularly around the sternum.
  • Swelling or